Postural control in patients with liver cirrhosis: a posturographic study

Abstract

Background 

Ataxia has been suggested in the literature to be a symptom of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), but so far has not been objectively quantified. In this study, we wanted to objectively quantify ataxia in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Methods 

One hundred and seven patients with liver cirrhosis were tested for postural control using posturography and compared with 25 controls. For quantification of HE, we used the number connection tests A and B, ammonia levels (NH₃), and the partial pressure of ammonia in the arterial blood (pNH₃).

Results 

Patients showed an impaired postural control compared with controls. Patients with Child C cirrhosis had lower scores in the posturography than those with Child A or B cirrhosis. Patients with alcohol-induced (AIC) Child B cirrhosis achieved lower scores in the posturography than those with non-alcohol-induced (NAIC) Child B cirrhosis. Patients with AIC Child C had lower scores than the corresponding NAIC patients, although this did not reach statistical significance. In the NAIC group Child C patients, in the AIC group Child B and C patients had lower scores than the controls. Patients with abnormal results in the number connection tests, as well as those with high NH₃ and pNH₃ levels showed worse postural control than those with normal results.

Conclusion 

Patients with cirrhosis have an impaired postural control compared with controls and this impairment deteriorates with progression of liver disease. HE as well as past alcohol abuse contribute to the pathogenesis of ataxia in liver cirrhosis and past alcohol abuse leads to an earlier and more pronounced manifestation of ataxia in the affected patients.