^aSchool of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

^bInstitute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish Council for Scientific Research, Barcelona, Spain

^cInstitute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

^dOeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

^eCentre for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

^fFinnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland

^gCenter for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan

^hFaculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan

ⁱClimate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

^jDepartment of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA

^kSchool of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT

^lDepartment of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK

^mThe Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK

ⁿSchool of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, UK

^oNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece

^pEnvironmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK

^qCenter for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA

^rThe Centre for Statistical Methodology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK

^sDepartment of Global Health Policy, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Lina Madaniyazi is an Assistant Professor at the School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University. Her research area includes assessing seasonality of health outcomes and the impact of environmental stressors on human health. The co-authors of this commentary have well-recognized expertise in the field of environmental epidemiology, contributing to the development of methodology for time-series regression and collaborating in relevant studies on the health effects of air pollution, temperature, and climate change for three decades. A.T., A.V.C., J.J., Y.H., Y.G., J.S., A.Z., M.B., B.A., K.K., A.G., and M.H. are members of the Multi-Country, Multi-City (MCC) Collaborative Research Network.

Supplemental digital content is available through direct URL citations in the HTML and PDF versions of this article (www.epidem.com).

Data have been collected within the MCC (Multi-Country Multi-City) Collaborative Research Network (https://mccstudy.lshtm.ac.uk) under a data-sharing agreement and cannot be made publicly available. The R codes for the analysis are added in a GitHub repository, available at https://github.com/LinaMadaniyazi/Seasonal-adjustment.git

Correspondence: Lina Madaniyazi, School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan. E-mail: [email protected].