From the aDepartment of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
bDepartment of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
cDepartment of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
dDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
eThe Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY
fDepartment of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
Submitted August 20, 2019; accepted September 23, 2020.
Funding was provided by the Health Effects Institute (HEI) grant 4953-RFA14-3/16-4, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) grants R01 ES024332, R01 ES028033, R01 ES030616, P30 ES000002 and P30 ES009089, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) grant P50 MD010428, R01 MD012769, and USEPA grants RD-83587201-0, RD-83615601. R.M.P. was supported by the Earth Institute postdoctoral research fellowship at Columbia University. The contents are solely the responsibility of the grantee and do not necessarily represent the official views of the funding agencies. Further, funding agencies do not endorse the purchase of any commercial products or services related to this publication. Research described in this article was conducted under contract to the HEI, an organization jointly funded by the USEPA (Assistance Award No. R-83467701) and certain motor vehicle and engine manufacturers. The computations in this paper were run on the Research Computing Environment (RCE) supported by the Institute for Quantitative Social Science in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Harvard University.
Description of the process by which someone else could obtain the data and computing code required to replicate the results reported in your submission (or explanation why data or code are not available): Investigators can obtain the Medicaid claims used in this study from the Centers for Medicaid Services. The code used in this study is available on request.
The authors report no conflicts of interest.
Supplemental digital content is available through direct URL citations in the HTML and PDF versions of this article (www.epidem.com).
Correspondence: Priyanka deSouza, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139. E-mail: [email protected]
