Alfentanil Pretreatment for Electroconvulsive Therapy–Associated Hemodynamic Lability

A Prospective Randomized Crossover Trial

Abstract

Objectives 

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is frequently associated with significant hemodynamic changes that increase myocardial oxygen demand including significant hypertension poststimulus. This raises concern about the cumulative effect of repetitive stress from ECT. Historically, various agents have been used to blunt this response and reduce hemodynamic fluctuations in these patients with varying degrees of efficacy. We hypothesized that bolus alfentanil administration timed with the ECT stimulus may reduce near-term hypertension and heart rate (HR) increases in patients undergoing ECT.

Methods 

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled AB/BA crossover trial of 87 patients 18 years or older with mood disorders was carried out. Patients received a standardized anesthetic regimen including induction with methohexital and succinylcholine and were randomized to receive either 20 μg/kg ideal bodyweight of alfentanil or placebo 60 seconds before the ECT stimulus for the first treatment and then crossed over to the other group for the second treatment. The primary outcome was the within-individual difference in preinduction systolic blood pressure and the first systolic blood pressure after the ECT stimulus.

Results 

Eighty-seven patients completed the protocol. The primary outcome of increase in systolic blood pressure pre-ECT to post-ECT was 16.9 mm Hg less in the alfentanil group than the placebo group (95% confidence interval, −26.0 to −7.8; P < 0.001). The maximum HR was 6.5 beats per minute lower (95% confidence interval, −12.1 to −0.9; P = 0.024) when patients received alfentanil compared with placebo.

Conclusions 

Premedication with alfentanil reduces poststimulus hypertension and increased HR in patients receiving ECT and therefore, may reduce morbidity related to this in susceptible patients.