Home > June 2003 - Volume 24 - Issue 3

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June 2003 - Volume 24 - Issue 3

pp: 191-257

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Article

Comparison of Tone Burst and Tapping Evocation of Myogenic Potentials in Patients with Chronic Otitis Media

Yang, Tsung-Lin; Young, Yi-Ho

Yang, Tsung-Lin; Young, Yi-Ho Less

Ear and Hearing. 24(3):191-194, June 2003.

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The Influence of Clicks versus Short Tone Bursts on the Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials

Cheng, Po-Wen; Huang, Tsung-Wei; Young, Yi-Ho

Cheng, Po-Wen; Huang, Tsung-Wei; Young, Yi-Ho Less

Ear and Hearing. 24(3):195-197, June 2003.

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The vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) has become a diagnostic tool to evaluate the integrity of the sacculo-collic reflex. VEMPs are typically recorded as electromyographic responses (sternocleidomastoid muscle contractions) to loud acoustic stimuli. These two studies examine different ways of eliciting VEMPs. The first investigates an alternative VEMP elicitation method for patients with chronic otitis media (COM), a condition that may obscure VEMP results due to conductive attenuation of the stimulus, even when the actual physiological response is intact. The study found that VEMPs could more readily be elicited in COM patients when stimuli were delivered by tapping on the forehead with a tendon hammer than when stimuli were delivered acoustically. The second study compared two acoustic methods used to elicit VEMPs. It was found that clicks produced a positive response in 57 out of 58 ears (98%), whereas short tone bursts elicited responses in 51 of those ears (88%).

Hearing Loss in Children and Adults: Audiometric Configuration, Asymmetry, and Progression

Pittman, A. L.; Stelmachowicz, P. G.

Pittman, A. L.; Stelmachowicz, P. G. Less

Ear and Hearing. 24(3):198-205, June 2003.

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A number of differences have been reported between the auditory skills of hearing-impaired children and adults. Additional differences also may exist at the audiometric level due to the varied etiologies represented in these two groups. In this study, the audiograms of 248 older adults (60 to 61 yr olds) and 227 young children (6 yr olds) were compared according to configuration, asymmetry, and progression of loss. Relative to the adults, the children's audiograms comprised: 1) a greater variety of audiometric configurations, 2) more occurrences of asymmetry, and 3) more severe asymmetries between ears. The audiograms of a subset of children revealed relatively little progression of loss over an 8-yr period. Implications for amplification include the development of appropriate fitting protocols for the wide variety of audiometric configurations in children as well as protocols for binaural amplification in cases of asymmetric hearing losses.

Autism and Auditory Brain Stem Responses

Rosenhall, Ulf; Nordin, Viviann; Brantberg, Krister; More

Rosenhall, Ulf; Nordin, Viviann; Brantberg, Krister; Gillberg, Christopher Less

Ear and Hearing. 24(3):206-214, June 2003.

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The objective of the study was to describe abnormalities affecting the cochlear nerve and the auditory pathway in the brain stem in autism. For this purpose, 153 children and adolescents with autistic disorder were included in an investigation of auditory brain stem responses (ABRs). Of these subjects, 101 had normal hearing. The III-V interpeak latency was significantly prolonged in both boys and girls with autism, compared with a control group. The latencies of ABR waves I and V were also significantly lengthened in the study groups. The individual test results showed that more than half of this normalhearing autistic disorder group (58%) had abnormalities of one or more of eight ABR parameters studied. Abnormal left-right differences of ABR latencies were found in 18% of autistic children with normal hearing. Possible causes of the reported ABR abnormalities were brain stem lesion, occult cochlear dysfunction, and involvement of the cochlear efferent system.

Impact of Digital Labeling on Outcome Measures

Bentler, Ruth A.; Niebuhr, Diane P.; Johnson, Tiffany A.; More

Bentler, Ruth A.; Niebuhr, Diane P.; Johnson, Tiffany A.; Flamme, Gregory A. Less

Ear and Hearing. 24(3):215-224, June 2003.

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether the label attached to a hearing aid (more specifically, “digital” versus “conventional”) would influence outcome measures. Two groups of 20 subjects were told they would participate in a counterbalanced, 1-mo trial with “digital” hearing aids and a 1-mo trial with “conventional” hearing aids. However, the hearing aids were actually “digital” during both parts of the study. Although labeling effects were observed for many of the outcome measures, the most notable was the preference of 33 of the subjects for the “digital” hearing aids, while only three preferred the “conventional” hearing aids and four had no preference. The total influence of labeling and related interaction terms indicated that labeling-related effects accounted for 2 to 32% of the variance in individual outcome measures, but this effect was statistically significant only for subjective outcome measures (not for any speech perception tests). These results indicate a need for double-blinding in hearing aid research aimed at assessing the effectiveness of newer technologies, as well as a need for clinicians to critically evaluate the research describing the potential advantages of certain circuit options.

Test-Retest Reliability of Cortical Evoked Potentials Using Naturally Produced Speech Sounds

Tremblay, K. L.; Friesen, L.; Martin, B. A.; More

Tremblay, K. L.; Friesen, L.; Martin, B. A.; Wright, R. Less

Ear and Hearing. 24(3):225-232, June 2003.

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P1-N1-P2 cortical auditory evoked potentials are typically recorded in response to clicks, tones, and synthesized speech sounds. This study examines cortical potentials evoked by naturally produced speech tokens from the standardized UCLA version of the Nonsense Syllable Test. Naturally produced speech stimuli evoke multiple overlapping P1-N1-P2 complexes, reflecting acoustic changes across the entire stimulus. This collection of overlapping potentials is called the acoustic change complex (ACC). In this study we found that the ACC can be reliably recorded in individuals and is stable over time. Also, naturally produced speech tokens, representing different acoustic cues, evoke distinct neural response patterns. Taken together, these results suggest that the ACC might be useful for studying neural processing of speech in individuals with communication disorders as well as changes over time after various types of auditory rehabilitation.

Evaluation of Anti-hsp70 Antibody Screening in Sudden Deafness

Samuelsson, Anna-Karin; Hydén, Dag; Roberg, Magnus; More

Samuelsson, Anna-Karin; Hydén, Dag; Roberg, Magnus; Skogh, Thomas Less

Ear and Hearing. 24(3):233-235, June 2003.

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Circulating antibodies to the 68 kD heat-shock protein (hsp70) have been reported in patients with rapidly progressive bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, in sudden deafness, and in Ménière's disease. It also has been claimed that a positive anti-hsp70 test is predictive of favorable response to corticosteroids. However, such antibodies are also common in healthy individuals. By Western blot technique, this study found antibodies to hsp70 in 5 of 27 patients with unilateral sudden deafness (19%) compared with 14 of 100 (14%) healthy blood donors. The difference was not statistically significant, suggesting that routine screening for anti-hsp70 antibodies is of no value in patients with unilateral sudden deafness.

Exploring the Language and Literacy Outcomes of Pediatric Cochlear Implant Users

Spencer, Linda J.; Barker, Brittan A.; Tomblin, J. Bruce

Spencer, Linda J.; Barker, Brittan A.; Tomblin, J. Bruce Less

Ear and Hearing. 24(3):236-247, June 2003.

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This study investigated the relationship between language and literacy skills in pediatric cochlear implant users. The predication was that the relatively robust language skills found in cochlear implant users would facilitate the development of literacy skills such that these skills would approximate those of children with normal hearing. Two groups were studied: 16 pediatric cochlear implant users and an age-matched group of normal-hearing children. Evaluation measures included a written language sample that was analyzed with regard to productivity, complexity, and grammaticality. In addition, standardized measures of language were collected, via the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals Test-III (CELF-3: Semel, Wiig, & Secord, 1995) and reading using the Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests Revised Form (WRMT; Woodcock, 1987). Results of this study supported the hypothesis, in that the language and literacy skills of the cochlear implant users compared favorably with the hearing children.

Equivalent Dipoles of the Binaural Interaction Components and their Comparison with Binaurally Evoked Human Auditory 40 Hz Steady-State Evoked Potentials

Zaaroor, Menashe; Bleich, Naomi; Mittelman, Naomi; More

Zaaroor, Menashe; Bleich, Naomi; Mittelman, Naomi; Pratt, Hillel Less

Ear and Hearing. 24(3):248-256, June 2003.

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The purpose of this study was to acquire the Binaural Interaction (BI) of the auditory middle-latency 40 Hz potentials, compare them with binaurally evoked 40 Hz response and with transient-evoked Auditory Middle Latency Evoked Potentials (AMEP), and suggest possible contributors and generators. Results indicated that each cycle of the BI included four components corresponding in latency, amplitude, and dipole orientation to their counterparts in the binaurally evoked waveform. Orientations of BI components matched those of the cortical components in the transient-evoked AMEP. These results suggest that the main contribution to the 40 Hz BI is thalamo-cortical.

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Resource Reviews

Conversation Made Easy—Speechreading and Conversation Strategies Training for Children with Hearing Loss who have Low-Level Listening and Language Skills

McConkey Robbins, Amy

McConkey Robbins, Amy Less

Ear and Hearing. 24(3):257, June 2003.

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An interactive speechreading resource is reviewed. The February issue of the Journal included a review of Conversation Made Easy: Speechreading and Conversation Strategies: Training for Children with Hearing Loss who Have Advanced Listening and Language Skills. In this issue, Amy McConkey Robbins describes the companion resource, Conversation Made Easy: Speechreading and Conversation Strategies: Training for Children with Hearing Loss who Have Low-Level Listening and Language Skills (by N. Tye Murray). She finds it to be a valuable tool that follows sound learning principles and is useful to augment traditional remediation activities.

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Article
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Article

Comparison of Tone Burst and Tapping Evocation of Myogenic Potentials in Patients with Chronic Otitis Media

The Influence of Clicks versus Short Tone Bursts on the Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials

In Brief:

Hearing Loss in Children and Adults: Audiometric Configuration, Asymmetry, and Progression

In Brief:

Autism and Auditory Brain Stem Responses

In Brief:

Impact of Digital Labeling on Outcome Measures

In Brief:

Test-Retest Reliability of Cortical Evoked Potentials Using Naturally Produced Speech Sounds

In Brief:

Evaluation of Anti-hsp70 Antibody Screening in Sudden Deafness

In Brief:

Exploring the Language and Literacy Outcomes of Pediatric Cochlear Implant Users

In Brief:

Equivalent Dipoles of the Binaural Interaction Components and their Comparison with Binaurally Evoked Human Auditory 40 Hz Steady-State Evoked Potentials

In Brief:

Resource Reviews

Conversation Made Easy—Speechreading and Conversation Strategies Training for Children with Hearing Loss who have Low-Level Listening and Language Skills

In Brief:

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