Reba A. Umberger, PhD, RN, CCRN-K, is assistant professor, Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, College of Nursing, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis.
Kendrea Todt, PhD, RN, is instructor, College of Nursing, East Tennessee State University Johnson City.
Elizabeth Talbott, BSN, RN, CCRN, is critical care nurse manager, The University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville.
Laurie Sparks, PhD, RN, is associate professor (retired), Barnes Jewish College of Nursing, St. Louis, Missouri.
Sandra P. Thomas, PhD, RN, FAAN, is professor, College of Nursing, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
The authors have disclosed that they have no significant relationship with, or financial interest in, any commercial companies pertaining to this article.
Funded by the Physician’s Medical Education Research Foundation, Knoxville, TN.
Prior Abstract Publication/Presentation: The project was presented at the University of Tennessee Knoxville’s Graduate School of Medicine’s Fall Research Series in October 2017 in Knoxville, TN, at Sigma Theta Tau-Gamma Chi Chapter and UT Knoxville’s College of Nursing Research Day in November 2017 in Knoxville, TN, and at the Society of Critical Care Medicine’s Annual Congress in San Antonio, TX, in February 2018. KT was a PhD student in the College of Nursing at UT Knoxville when this study was conducted.
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Reba A. Umberger, PhD, RN, CCRN-K, Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, College of Nursing The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 920 Madison Avenue, Suite 564, Memphis, TN 38163 ([email protected]).
