Purpose of Review: Immune axonal polyneuropathy is caused by a diverse group of disorders that share similar presentations and treatment regimens. This article focuses on the clinical findings, evaluation, and management of immune-mediated causes of axonal polyneuropathy, focusing primarily on large fiber sensorimotor polyneuropathy.

Recent Findings: Specific characteristics of an immune-mediated polyneuropathy have been incorporated in a new diagnostic screening tool that is highly sensitive and can easily be used in the outpatient clinic setting. New insights into autoantibodies may help identify the presence of an underlying autoimmune or paraneoplastic disease as the cause of a polyneuropathy.

Summary: This article provides readers with further understanding into the autoimmune causes of axonal polyneuropathy and will help the clinician recognize key clinical features that may lead to timely diagnosis and treatment.

Address correspondence to Dr Jinny O. Tavee, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 710 N Lakeshore Dr, Abbott Hall, Ste 1114, Chicago, IL 60611, [email protected].

Relationship Disclosure: Dr Tavee has received personal compensation for speaking engagements from Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals and grant/research support for work in clinical trials from Araim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Unlabeled Use of Products/Investigational Use Disclosure: Dr Tavee discusses the unlabeled/investigational use of ARA 290 for the treatment of sarcoidosis and IVIg for the treatment of paraneoplastic disease, sarcoidosis neuropathy, neuropathy related to monoclonal gammopathy, celiac-related neuropathy, and other autoimmune neuropathies.