Advances in development of new tuberculosis vaccines : Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine

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INFECTIOUS DISEASES: Edited by Alimuddin Zumla and David SC Hui

Advances in development of new tuberculosis vaccines

da Costa, Christophera,b; Onyebujoh, Philipb; Thiry, Georgesc; Zumla, Alimuddind

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Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 29(3):p 143-148, May 2023. | DOI: 10.1097/MCP.0000000000000950

Abstract

Purpose of review 

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health emergency and caused 1.6 million deaths in 2021. The aim of this review is to provide recent updates on advances in TB vaccine development for prevention and adjunct therapy.

Recent findings 

Targets use indications guiding late stage TB vaccine development have been established, namely: (i) Prevention of disease (PoD), (ii) Prevention of recurrent disease (PoR), (iii) Prevention of established infection in previously uninfected patients (PoI), and (iv) Adjunctive immunotherapy. Novel approaches include vaccines designed to induce immune responses beyond established CD4+, Th1-biased T cell immunity, novel animal models for use in challenge/protection studies, and controlled human infection models to generate vaccine efficacy data.

Summary 

Recent efforts at developing effective TB vaccines for prevention and adjunct treatment utilising new targets and technologies have yielded 16 candidate vaccines demonstrating proof of concept for inducing potentially protective immune responses to TB which is currently under evaluation in different stages of clinical trials.

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