Metabolic diseases and cancer risk

Abstract

Purpose of review 

Metabolic disease and cancer are two of the leading causes of death worldwide. This review focuses on the potential increased relative risk for the development of cancer in a population with a rapidly increasing incidence of metabolic disturbances.

Recent findings 

A large number of recent epidemiological and prospective studies link metabolic syndrome-associated diseases to an increased risk for development of, as well as mortality from, several types of cancer. In patients diagnosed with metabolic disorders, the incidence of gastrointestinal, glandular and reproductive tract cancers is significantly higher compared to the general population. In line with that, hyperglycemia has recently been shown to be an independent risk factor for overall cancer incidence.

Summary 

Disorders connected to the metabolic syndrome have been shown to have profound impacts on the incidence and progression of cancer. Continued efforts to make lifestyle interventions, such as weight loss and increased physical activity in the general population, are clearly warranted as a contribution to efforts aimed at decreasing the development of and mortality from cancer. Progression in this field requires a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms behind the cancer-promoting effects associated with disturbed energy balance.