Obesity and diabetes

Abstract

Purpose of review 

To review the recent data on obesity and diabetes with an emphasis on the effects of weight loss and the effectiveness of weight loss therapies in diabetes.

Recent findings 

The prevalence of both obesity and diabetes continues to rise at an alarming rate, and the association between the two conditions continues to be great. Obesity is a significant risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes and has a significant negative impact on the progression and treatment of diabetes and its comorbidities. Moderate weight loss by promoting a low-fat diet along with increased activity can have a dramatic effect on preventing diabetes. Although several recent randomized trials examined low-carbohydrate diets for weight loss, after a year these diets do not appear to be more effective than traditional low-fat diets, and there are few data on these diets in diabetes. Weight loss pharmacotherapy is effective in reducing weight and improving glycemic control in diabetes. Bariatric surgery is the most effective weight loss intervention and is associated with a high rate of diabetes resolution.

Summary 

Obesity is a significant risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes. Weight loss is an effective therapy for diabetes and its prevention. Although dietary therapy is the cornerstone of weight loss therapy, the best dietary intervention is still unclear. Pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery are effective and underused weight loss treatments for patients with diabetes.