*Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
†Analgesic Solutions, Natick, MA
‡Injury Care Medical Center, Boise, ID
§Nuvo Research Inc., West Chester, PA
∥Now at Zogenix Inc., San Diego, CA
All authors are responsible for the work described in this paper, and they contributed to the conception, data interpretation, drafting of the manuscript, and revising the manuscript for intellectual content. All authors provided final approval of the version to be published.
M.P.J.: participated in the design of the analysis plan and prepared the first draft of the Introduction, Methods, and Discussion sections. J.J.T.: participated in the design of the analysis plan, performed the analyses, and prepared the first draft of the Results section. R.R., B.S.G., and A.R.G.: participated in the design of the analysis plan. All authors reviewed and provided comments on drafts and subsequent revisions of this article, and approved the final version for submission and publication.
Supported by Nuvo Research Inc., West Chester, PA. M.P.J. has received grant/research support from and has served as a consultant to Nuvo, and has received consulting fees from Allergan, (Irvine, CA), Covidien, (Mansfield, MA), Depomed, (Newark, CA), Endo Pharmaceuticals, Merck, (Newark, CA), Pfizer, (New York, NY), and RTI Health Solutions, (Research Triangle Park, NC), within the past 12 months. A.R.G. and B.S.G. were employees of Nuvo when the research was completed, and may potentially own stock and/or hold stock options in the company. M.P.J., A.R.G., and B.SG. receive royalties from industry-sponsored use of the Pain Quality Assessment Scale, but do not receive royalties from nonsponsored use. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest.
Reprints: Mark P. Jensen, PhD, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, P.O. Box 359612, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104 (e-mail: [email protected]).
Received January 16, 2014
Received in revised form July 5, 2014
Accepted June 9, 2014
