From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX (AKB, JLB, JFS); and Neurosurgeon’s for Children, Children’s Medical Center, Dallas, TX (DAB, FHS).

Supported, in part, by Cook Critical Care, Bloomington, IN (jugular bulb catheters) and Codman, Johnson, and Johnson Professional, Raynham, MA (intracranial pressure monitors).

Forty-eight hrs of moderate hypothermia (32–34°C) initiated within 6 hrs of acute traumatic brain injury in children, utilized in conjunction with conventional intracranial hypertension management, significantly decreases the severity of intracranial hypertension, potentially improves cerebral physiology, and is safely tolerated.