Clinical Investigations

Eighteen Years of Experience With Acinetobacter baumannii in a Tertiary Care Hospital*

Munoz-Price, L. Silvia MD^1,2,3,4; Arheart, Kristopher EdD^2,5; Nordmann, Patrice PhD⁶; Boulanger, Anne E.⁶; Cleary, Timothy⁷; Alvarez, Rebeca MD²; Pizano, Louis MD⁸; Namias, Nicholas MD⁸; Kett, Daniel H. MD¹; Poirel, Laurent PhD⁶

Author Information

¹Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.

²Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.

³Department of Infection Control, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL.

⁴Department of Anesthesiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.

⁵Division of Statistics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.

⁶Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, INSERM U914 “Emerging Resistance to Antibiotics,” Hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique/Hôpitaux de Paris, South-Paris Medical School, K.-Bicêtre, France.

⁷Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.

⁸Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.

* See also p. 2823.

Supported, in part, by a grant from the INSERM (U914), Paris, France; the Ministère de l’Education Nationale et de la Recherche (UPRES-EA3539), Université Paris XI, Paris, France; the European community (TEMPOtest-QC, HEALTH-2009–241742, TROCAR, HEALTH-F3-2008–223031); and an IISP Research Grant from Merck & Co.

Dr. Namias received grant support from Inserm (U914), Paris, France, The Ministere de L Education Nationale et de la Recherche (UPRES-EA3539), Universite Paris XI, Paris, France; European Community (TEMPOtest-QC, HEALTH-2009-241742, TROCAR, HEALTH-F3-2008-223031); and Merck (Investigator Initiated Research Grant). Dr. Namias consulted for Merck (Advisory board) and lectured for Merck. Dr. Kett received grant support from INSERM and Merck & Co, Inc. (IISP Research Grant). Dr. Poirel received grant support from Merck. The remaining authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.

For information regarding this article, E-mail: [email protected]

Critical Care Medicine 41(12):p 2733-2742, December 2013. | DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e318298a541

Abstract

Objective:

To characterize the descriptive and molecular epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii in our hospital.

Design:

Longitudinal analysis of electronic microbiology laboratory records and isolates.

Setting:

A 1,500 bed public teaching hospital in the Miami area.

Patients:

Consecutive patients with A. baumannii from January 1994 to December 2011.

Interventions:

None

Measurements and Main Results:

Data on all A. baumannii isolates were clustered at the patient level, and the first isolate per single patient was determined. Yearly trends were analyzed based on carbapenem susceptibilities and originating units for all first isolates and first blood isolates per unique patient. Additionally, carbapenem nonsusceptible isolates frozen in the microbiology laboratory since 1998 were retrieved and evaluated using polymerase chain reaction and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA techniques. A total of 9,334 A. baumannii isolates were detected, of which 4,484 isolates (48%) were identified as first positive isolates per unique patient. Most of the burden of disease was located in the ICUs (odds ratio, 2.64 [95% CI, 2.17–3.22]; p < 0.0001) and in the adult wards (odds ratio, 3.867 [95% CI, 2.71–5.52]; p < 0.0001). Respiratory specimens constituted the most frequent source (49%; odds ratio, 1.619 [95% CI, 1.391–1.884]; p < 0.0001). Of the 4,484 first isolates, 846 isolates (18.9%) were carbapenem nonsusceptible and 3,638 isolates (81.1%) were carbapenem susceptible. Over the years, the number of carbapenem nonsusceptible isolates increased, whereas the number of carbapenem susceptible decreased (p < 0.0001). The trauma ICU had the highest burden of carbapenem nonsusceptible first isolates (205 of 846; 24.2%). Seven clones were discovered among 144 carbapenem nonsusceptible isolates; one of these clones was found from 1999 to 2005. OXA-23 and OXA-40 were identified in 96 and 13 isolates, respectively. One isolate harbored a novel CTX-M-115 enzyme.

Conclusions:

This constitutes the largest experience with A. baumannii reported to date from a single center. Half of all isolates were respiratory specimens and were from adult ICUs, especially trauma. Even though this was a polyclonal process, a single clone was identified in the hospital through a 6-year span.

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Eighteen Years of Experience With Acinetobacter baumannii in a Tertiary Care Hospital*