1 Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
2 Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.
3 Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
4 Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Bambino Gesù, Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
5 Department of Respiratory Therapy, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.
6 Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
7 Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
*See also p. 1163.
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Supported, in part, by the Endowed Chair, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, and the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine.
Dr. Lindell is supported by the Thrasher Research Fund. Dr. Fitzgerald is supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) K23DK119463. Dr. Rowan is supported by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) K23HL150244. Dr. Flori is supported by NHLBI R01HL149910 and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) R21HD097387. Dr. Napolitano is supported by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) R18HS024511 and has research or consulting relationships with Drager, Smiths Medical, Philips/Respironics, Actuated Medical, and VERO-Biotech. Dr. Nishisaki is supported by the AHRQ R18 HS024511. Drs. Fitzgerald, Rowan, and Flori received support for article research from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Dr. Rowan’s institution received funding from the NHLBI (K23HL150244). Dr. Flori’s institution received funding from the Society of Critical Care Medicine; she disclosed that she is an unpaid advisor to Aerogen Pharma, an unpaid member of Executive Board for Michigan Medical Society, and an unpaid member of Executive Committee for Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators Network. Dr. Nishisaki’s institution received funding from the AHRQ (R18HS024511 and R03HS026939); he received support for article research from the AHRQ. The remaining authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.
Address requests for reprints to: Robert B. Lindell, MD, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104. E-mail: [email protected]
