1 Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH.
2 Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO.
3 Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
4 Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
5 Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
6 Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
7 Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
8 Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Critical Care Section, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
9 Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Critical Care Medicine, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
10 Critical Care, Anaesthesiology, Peri-Operative Medicine & Emergency Medicine, The University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
11 Respiratory Care Department, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.
12 Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
13 Pediatric Intensive Care and Intermediate Care Department, Sant Joan de Déu University Hospital, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
14 Immune and Respiratory Dysfunction Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
15 Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
16 Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Children’s Hospital, Hershey, PA.
17 Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
18 Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA.
*See also p. 501.
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Supported, in part, by Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Incidence and Epidemiology funding from University of Southern California Clinical Translational Science Institute; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Réseau en Santé Respiratoire du Fonds de Recherche Quebec-Santé; and Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine.
Dr. Shein received funding from Hill Ward Henderson. Dr. Maddux’s institution received funding from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) (K23HD096018). Dr. Bhalla’s institution received funding from the Southern California Clinical and Translational Science Institute. Drs. Bhalla, Flori, Yehya, and Khemani received support for article research from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Dr. Dahmer’s institution received funding from the NICHD. Drs. Dahmer and Kneyber’s institutions received funding from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Dr. Emeriaud’s institution received funding from Fonds de recherche du Québec Santé and Maquet. Drs. Flori’s and Yehya’s institutions received funding from the NIH. Dr. Flori disclosed that she is on the Executive Board of the Michigan Thoracic Society and the Executive Board of the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators Network. Dr. Kneyber’s institution received funding from ZorgOnderzoek Nederland, Medische wetenschappen; he received funding from Vyaire, Stitching Beatrix Kinderziekenhuis, University Medical Center Groningen Technical, and Applied Biosignals. Dr. Napolitano’s institution received funding from Drager, Vero-Biotech, and Smiths Medical; she received funding from Philips and Actuated Medical. Dr. Yehya’s institution received funding from Pfizer. Dr. Khemani’s institution received funding from the National Center for Advancing Translational Science (UL1TR001855 and UL1TR000130). The remaining authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.
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