1 Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
2 Department of Surgery, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY.
3 Department of Trauma Critical Care Medicine, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, MD.
4 Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
5 Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
6 Laboratory of Bacteriology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
7 Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
8 Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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This study was supported by the Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development, the Rio de Janeiro State Research Foundation, the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, and the Department of Science and Technology—Brazilian Ministry of Health.
Drs. de Magalhães, Braga, and F. F. Cruz disclosed government work. Drs. Satalin, Andrews, Habashi, and Nieman have presented and received honoraria and/or travel reimbursement at events sponsored by Dräger Medical Systems, outside of the published work. Drs. Andrews, Habashi, and Nieman have lectured for Intensive Care Online Network (ICON). Dr. Habashi disclosed that he has several patents in the area of mechanical ventilation, for which he has received no royalties; he is the founder of ICON, of which Dr. Andrews is an employee; and he holds patents on a method of initiating, managing, and/or weaning airway pressure release ventilation, as well as controlling a ventilator in accordance with the same, but these patents are not commercialized, licensed, nor royalty-producing. Dr. Nieman’s institution received funding from Draeger Medical. Dr. Silva received support for article research from Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development, the Rio de Janeiro State Research Foundation, the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, and the Department of Science and Technology—Brazilian Ministry of Health. The remaining authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.
Address requests for reprints to: Pedro L. Silva, PhD, Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected]
