1Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.
2Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA.
3Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.
4Department of Emergency Medicine, Ohio Valley Medical Center, Wheeling, WV.
5Department of Emergency Medicine, Pinnacle Health Hospitals, Harrisburg, PA.
6Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.
This work was performed at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA.
Drs. Pizon, Lynch, Benedict, Yanta, Menke, King, Abesamis, and Kane-Gill disclosed off-label product use of ketamine as a sedative. Dr. Abesamis disclosed that he is the medical director for West Virginia Poison Center and is the site coordinator for Vitamin D to Improve Outcomes by Leveraging Early Treatment (VIOLET) study for Prevention and Early Treatment of Acute Lung Injury (PETAL) network. The remaining authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.
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