1Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
2Department of Integrated Healthcare Delivery, Johns Hopkins Health System, Baltimore, MD.
3Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
4Departments of Physiological Nursing and Neurological Surgery, UC Berkeley/UCSF Joint Bio-Engineering Graduate Programe, Berkeley, CA.
5Department of Clinical Engineering, Clinical Engineering Professional Services, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA.
6Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
7Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
8Department of Nephrology, Centre for Kidney Research and Innovation, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
9Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
10Critical Care Division, Department of Critical Care, Grady Health Systems, Atlanta, GA.
11Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Critical Care Medicine, Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
This study was performed at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Evidence-Based Practice Center
Supported by the Moore Foundation through a grant to the Society for Critical Care Medicine.
Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal’s website (http://journals.lww.com/ccmjournal).
Dr. Winters’ institution received funding and support from the Moore Foundation (through a Society of Critical Care Medicine [SCCM] Task Force) and he received funding from various legal firms for medico-legal consulting. Dr. Bonafide’s institution received funding from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/National Institutes of Health (NIH) Career Development Award research grant focused on alarms. Dr. O’Connor received support from the Moore Foundation (through SCCM), and disclosed off-label product use of alarms and alerts, which are used often through unapproved uses. Ms. McLean received funding from Edwards Lifesciences, and received other support from AACN. Dr. Kane-Gill’s institution received funding from a grant by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation provided to SCCM. The remaining authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.
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