1Inserm, U955, Equipe 03, Créteil, France.
2Université Paris Est, UMR_S955, DHU A-TVB, UPEC, Créteil, France.
3Université Paris Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France.
4Inserm, U1096, Rouen, France.
5Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital du Kremlin-Bicêtre, Service d’Anatomie Pathologique, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
6Inserm, U970, Paris, France.
7Inserm, U955, Equipe 16, Créteil, France.
8Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France.
9SAMU de Paris, Département d’Anesthésie Réanimation, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes–Paris V, Paris, France.
10Inserm, IAME, 1137, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
11Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Service de Réanimation Médico-chirurgicale, Colombes, France.
12Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
13Department of Physiology, University of Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
14Institut Langevin, CNRS UMR 7587, INSERM U979, ESPCI ParisTech, Paris, France.
*See also p. 2271.
This work was performed at Inserm, U955, Equipe 03; Université Paris Est; Université Paris Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort; Inserm, U1096; Inserm, U955, Equipe 16.
Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal’s website (http://journals.lww.com/ccmjournal).
Supported, in part, by grant ABYSS-R12031JJ from the “Agence Nationale pour la Recherche” (Paris, France); grant PSR-SIIRI-757 from the “Ministère du Développement économique, de l’Innovation et de l’Exportation” (QC, Canada); grant from the Region Ile-de France (Cardiovasculaire-Obésité-Rein-Diabète – Domaine d’Intérêt Majeur); and grant DBS20140930781 from the “Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale.”
Dr. Adam consulted for the Sorin Group and lectured for Pfizer. Dr. Vivien served as a board member for Novartis, Lilly, and LFB and received support for the development of educational presentations from AstraZeneca and Lilly. Dr. Ricard served as a board member for Covidien (board on VAP prevention) and has stock in Fisher & Paykel (F&P covered expenses to attend scientific meetings). Dr. Tanter received grant support, consulted, and served as a board member. Dr. Berdeaux has a patent application. His institution received grant support from ANR (grant ABYSS-13/039,415). Dr. Tissier provided expert testimony for Expertises for French regulatory agencies. His institution has a patent (application 13/039,415) and received grant support from Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (grant ABYSS), Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, and Association pour la Recherche et l'Etude des Maladies Cardiovasculaires. The remaining authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.
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