1CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
2Multidisciplinary Organ Dysfunction Evaluation Research Network, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
3Intensive Care Unit, Hospital General de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain.
4Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
5Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain.
6Intensive Care Unit, Hospital General de León, León, Spain.
7Intensive Care Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain.
8Critical Care Center, Corporació Sanitaria Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain.
9Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Virgen de la Luz, Cuenca, Spain.
10Intensive Care Unit, Hospital La Mancha Centro, Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad Real, Spain.
11Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Santa Bárbara, Puertollano, Ciudad Real, Spain.
12Intensive Care Unit, Hospital General Río Carrión, Palencia, Spain.
13Research Unit, Hospital Universitario NS de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
14Department of Respiratory Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
15Department of Anesthesiology, Harvard University, Boston, MA.
* See also p. 488.
Additional investigators from the Acute Lung Injury: Epidemiology and Natural history Network are listed in Appendix 1.
Drs. Villar and Kacmarek designed the original study. Drs. Ambrós, Parra, Blanco, Domínguez-Berrot, Gutiérrez, Blanch, Añón, Martín, Prieto, Collado enrolled patients and collected the data. Dr. Villar obtained funding for the study. Dr. Villar, Dr. Pérez-Méndez, Ms. Fernández, and Drs. Kacmarek, Ambrós, Parra, Blanco, Domínguez-Berrot, Gutiérrez, Blanch, Añón, Martín, Prieto, and Collado have made substantial contributions to conception and design, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and approved the final version to be published. Dr. Villar, Ms. Fernández, and Dr. Kacmarek wrote the first draft. Dr. Villar, Ms. Fernández, and Drs. Pérez-Méndez and Kacmarek performed and supervised data management and statistical analysis. Dr. Villar, Ms. Fernández, and Dr. Pérez-Méndez had full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Supported, in part, by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain (CB06/06/1088, PI10/0393, PI13/0119), and Asociación Científica Pulmón y Ventilación Mecánica.
Dr. Kacmarek is a consultant for Covidien and has received honorarium from Maquet for lecturing. Dr. Villar has received a research grant from Maquet. Dr. Villar disclosed having received a grant from Maquet for research on mechanical ventilation (Money is not paid to Dr. Villar or to his institution). Dr. Kacmarek consulted and received support for development of educational presentations. The remaining authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.
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