1Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
2Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
3Clinical Physiology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD.
4Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
Drs. Galiatsatos and Gibson contributed equally to this work. Drs. Galiatsatos, Gibson, Rabiee, Carlson, Egan, and Elahi assisted in the conduct of the study. Drs. Gibson, Shannon, Andersen, and Elahi designed the study. Dr. Elahi wrote the first draft of the article. All other authors contributed to the writing of the article.
Dr. Gibson received support for research from The Society of Critical Care Medicine and Jahnigan Award of the American Geriatrics Society. Dr. Shannon consulted for Merck, Pfizer, and AstraZeneca/Bristol-Myers Squibb and is a board member with ABIM. He lectured for IRSW, BOMC Institute for Heart care Improvement (visiting professor). He has a patent with Ventrigen, LCC (founder). His institution received grant support from Pfizer and AstraZeneca/Bristol-Myers Squibb. Dr. Andersen is employed by Johns Hopkins University and the National Institutes of Health and consulted for Z-Medica (member scientific advisory board). He is a board member with the Association for Academic Surgery Foundation and lectured at scientific meetings and medical centers. He receives royalties from McGraw Hill (member, editorial board, textbook). Dr. Elahi consulted for Merck. The remaining authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.
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