^*Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN

^†Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT

F.M. receives research funding from ERBE. N.K. served as a consultant to Boehringer Ingelheim, Third Rock, Pliant, Samumed, NuMedii, Theravance, LifeMax, Three Lake Partners, Optikira, Astra Zeneca, RohBar, Veracyte, Augmanity, CSL Behring, Galapagos, Gilead and Thyron over the last 3 years, reports equity in Pliant and Thyron, and a grant from Veracyte, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS and non-financial support from MiRagen and Astra Zeneca. N.K. has IP on novel biomarkers and therapeutics in IPF licensed to Biotech.

SWL was responsible for writing the initial manuscript. All the authors contributed to the writing of the manuscript. All authors approved the final manuscript before submitting it for publication.

Disclosure: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Correspondence: Fabien Maldonado, MD, FCCP, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, T-1218 Medical Center North, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232 (e-mail: [email protected]).