Midori Arashi, MHS, RN, is Professor and Junko Sugama, PhD, RN, is Professor, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan. Hiromi Sanada, PhD, WOCN, RN, is Professor, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Chizuko Konya, PhD, WOCN, RN, is Associate Professor, and Mayumi Okuwa, PhD, RN, is Associate Professor, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan. Gojiro Nakagami, MHS, RN, is Assistant Professor, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo. Ayumi Inoue, MHS, RN, is a doctoral course student, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University. Keiko Tabata, RN, is Director of Nursing, Nursing Department, Sengi Hospital, Ishikawa, Japan.
Submitted October 17, 2008; accepted in revised form July 23, 2009.
