Different cell cycle kinetic effects of N¹,N¹¹-diethylnorspermine-induced polyamine depletion in four human breast cancer cell lines

Abstract

Polyamine analogues are presently undergoing clinical evaluation in the treatment of cancer. To better understand under what circumstances treatment with a polyamine analogue will yield beneficial results, we have investigated the effect of N¹,N¹¹-diethylnorspermine (DENSPM) on cell cycle kinetics of the human breast cancer cell lines SK-BR-3, MCF-7, HCC1937, and L56Br-C1. A bromodeoxyuridine–DNA flow cytometry method was used to evaluate the treatment with 10 μmol/l DENSPM on cell cycle kinetics. A correlation between polyamine pool size after DENSPM treatment and cell cycle kinetic effects was found. The most sensitive cell cycle phase was the S phase, followed by an effect on the G₂+M phase and then the G₁/S transition. The levels of a number of cell cycle regulatory proteins such as cyclin E1, cyclin A2, and cyclin B1 were lowered by DENSPM treatment, which may explain the effects on cell cycle kinetics. The two cell lines that were most sensitive to DENSPM treatment belong to the basal-like subtype of breast cancer and they were deficient with respect to p53, BRCA1, and RB1.