*National Clinician Scholars Program at the Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
†Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI
‡Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
§Center for Healthcare Outcomes and Policy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
||Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
¶Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
#Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA
**Center for Evaluating Health Reform, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
††School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
[email protected].
Presented orally at the American College of Surgeons Scientific Forum (October 3–7, 2020, virtual).
Supported by NIDDK grant 5R01DK115408-02. The funding source had no role in the work herein. Dr. Chao receives funding from the Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System; this work does not represent the views of the United States government nor the Department of Veterans Affairs. Dr. Chhabra receives grant funding from Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Foundation and payments from Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts, Inc., which had no role in the work herein. Dr. Telem receives consulting fees from Medtronic. Dr. Telem receives funding from AHRQ K08 HS025778-01A1. Dr. Arterburn receives grants from the National Institutes of Health and nonfinancial support from IFSO Latin America Chapter outside the submitted work. Dr. Dimick is a cofounder of ArborMetrix, Inc, a company that makes software for profiling hospital quality and efficiency, which had no role in the work herein. Dr. Dimick receives grant funding from the NIH, AHRQ, and BlueCross BlueShield of Michigan Foundation.
The authors report no conflicts of interest.
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