∗Liverpool Cancer Research U.K. Cancer Trials Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
†The Department of Surgery, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
‡Department of Surgery, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
§Department of Surgery, University of Hamburg Medical institutions UKE, Hamburg, Germany
¶Department of Oncology Division of Medical Oncology 2228 Cross Cancer Institute and University of Alberta, Canada
||Department of Medical Oncology , The Christie, Manchester, UK
∗∗Department of Medical Oncology, The Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
††Department of Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
‡‡Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
§§Department of Medical Oncology, Prince of Wales hospital and Clinical School University of New South Wales, Australia
¶¶Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia
||||Department of Medical Oncology, Nepean Cancer Centre and University of Sydney, Australia
∗∗∗Department of Surgery, The Agia Olga Hospital, Athens, Greece
†††Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala, Sweden
‡‡‡Department of Surgery, University Hospital, North Staffordshire, UK
§§§Division of Oncology at the University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
¶¶¶Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
||||||Department of Surgery, The Petz Aladar Hospital, Gyor, Hungary
∗∗∗∗Department of Pathology, The Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
††††The Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Reprints: John P. Neoptolemos, FMedSci, Professor of Surgery, Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. E-mail: [email protected].
Current address for author Jörg Kleeff: Department of Surgery, University Hospital Halle, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg.
Current address for author John P. Neoptolemos: The Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Paula Ghaneh and Jorg Kleeff are joint first author contributions.
Study concept and design: PG, JK, RJ, JPN, MWB, FC; acquisition of data: all coauthors; analysis and interpretation of data: PG, JK, RJ, JPN, FC, MWB; drafting of the manuscript: PG, JK, RJ, JPN, FC, MWB; critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: all; administrative support: CLR; CS; statistical analysis: RJ, TC; study supervision: PG, JK, JPN.
The trial and study were funded by Cancer Research UK.
The study was supported by Cancer Research UK, C245/A 15957, SP1984/0204, and SP2590/0101; JPN was a National Institutes of Health Senior Investigator.
Professor John Neoptolemos was an NIHR Senior Investigator and was partly funded by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at the Royal Liverpool University, Liverpool, UK; reports personal fees from AMGEN, personal fees from Mylan, grants from Taiho Pharma (Japan), grants from KAEL GemVax (Korea), grants from AstraZeneca;, grants from Clovis Oncology and Ventana, grants from Pharma Nord, personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, personal fees from Novartis Pharma AG, personal fees from KAEL GemVax, personal fees from Astellas, grants from NUCANA, during the conduct of the study. Professor Juan Valle reports personal fees from Abbott, personal fees from AstraZeneca, personal fees from Baxalta, personal fees and nonfinancial support from Celgene, personal fees from Ipsen, personal fees from Lilly, personal fees from Merck, grants and personal fees from Novartis, personal fees from Pfizer, outside the submitted work.
The authors declare no conflict of interests.
Specialists contributing to the treatment of patients in the ESPAC-3 trial are summarized in the APPENDIX 3, https://links.lww.com/SLA/B335.
Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Web site (www.annalsofsurgery.com).
Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00058201.
