∗Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
†Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
‡School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
§Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
¶Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
||Department of Medicine, Division of Critical Care, and Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
∗∗Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
Reprints: Shannon M. Fernando, MD, MSc, Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Civic Campus, 1053 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON, Canada K1Y 4E9. E-mail: [email protected].
SMF, AT, and JJP conceived the study idea. SMF, AT, WC, and JJP coordinated the systematic review. SMF and AT designed the search strategy. SMF and AT screened abstracts and full texts. SMF and AT acquired the data and judged risk of bias in the studies. WC performed the data analysis. BR created the GRADE evidence profiles. SMF, AT, WC, BR, KK, AJES, KI, and JJP interpreted the data analysis and critically revised the manuscript. All authors have had the opportunity to review the final manuscript, and provided their permission to publish the manuscript. All authors agree to take responsibility for the work.
AJES holds patents related to multiorgan variability analysis, and has shares in Therapeutic Monitoring Systems Inc. None of the other authors report any conflict of interest.
Registration: PROSPERO CRD42017081976.
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