^*Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA

^†Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA

^‡National Clinician Scholars Program at the Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

^§Center for Healthcare Outcomes and Policy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

^¶Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA

^||Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.

gbrat@bidmc.harvard.edu.

Disclosure: Drs. Brat, Hersey, Gupta, and Scott do not report any conflicts of interest.

Dr. Chhabra receives funding from the University of Michigan Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation Clinician Scholars Program and the National Institutes of Health's Division of Loan Repayment.