*Department of Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford California
†Department of Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
‡Department of Surgery, E. Carolina University/Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina
§Department of Surgery, University of Washington Medicine, Seattle, Washington
∥Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
¶Department of Surgery, LSU Health New Orleans, Shreveport, Louisiana
#Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
**Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
††Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
‡‡Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
§§Department of Surgery, University of California Davis Health, Davis, California
∥∥Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
¶¶Department of Surgery, UW Medicine, Seattle, Washington
##Department of Surgery, University of Florida at Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida
***Department of Surgery, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
†††Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia
‡‡‡Department of Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
Diversity Forum, American Surgical Association, April 8, 2022.
This work received funding from the following organizations: National Institutes of Health (NIH); Wellcome Trust; Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI); and other(s).
The authors report no conflicts of interest.
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