*American College of Surgeons, Division of Research and Optimal Patient Care, Chicago, IL
†University of Chicago Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Chicago, IL
‡Yale University, Department of Surgery, New Haven, CT
§Sinai Hospital, Department of Surgery, Sinai Center for Geriatric Surgery, Baltimore, MD
¶University of California, San Francisco, Department of Surgery, San Francisco, CA
||Duke University, Department of Surgery, Durham, NC
**University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, San Francisco, CA
††University of Colorado, Denver, Department of Surgery, Aurora, CO
‡‡University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Surgery, Los Angeles, CA.
Reprints: Marcia M. Russell, MD, FACS, University of California, Los Angeles, University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Surgery, 10833 Le Conte Ave. 72-227 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095. E-mail: [email protected].
This project is funded by a grant from the John A. Harford Foundation, under the title “American College of Surgeons Geriatric Surgery Verification and Quality Improvement Program.”
The authors report no conflicts of interest.
Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Web site (www.annalsofsurgery.com).
