*Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA
†The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA
‡Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA
§Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA
Abbreviations: Analysis of Variance, ANOVA; Centers for Medicare and Medicaid, CMS; Confidence Interval, CI; Current Procedural Terminology, CPT; Emergency General Surgery, EGS; Gastrointestinal, GI; Health Maintenance Organization, HMO; Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System, HCPCS; Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary, HPB; International Classification of Disease, Ninth/Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification, ICD-9/10 CM; IV, Instrumental Variable; Multimorbid, MM; Non-Multimorbid, Non-MM; PBIV, Preference Based Instrumental Variable; Qualifying Comorbidity Set, QCS; Standard Deviation, SD.
Author Contributions: Study conception and design (CBR, SER, CJW, LJK, EJK, SH, PMR, MDN, RRK), data analysis (CBR, CJW, LJK, RRK) and interpretation (CBR, SER, CJW, LJK, EJK, SH, PMR, MDN, RRK), drafting of original manuscript (CBR), critical manuscript revisions (CBR, SER, CJW, LJK, EJK, SH, PMR, MDN, RRK), final manuscript production (CBR), and final manuscript approval for publication (CBR, SER, CJW, LJK, EJK, SH, PMR, MDN, RRK). All authors agree to accountability for all aspects of this manuscript.
Support: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute On Aging of the National Institutes of Health under Awards Number F32AG074614 and R01AG060612. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Author Contributions: Below are author contributions from all authors listed for our study: “The Conditional Effects of Multimorbidity on Operative versus Non-Operative Management of Emergency General Surgery Conditions: A Retrospective Observational Study Using an Instrumental Variable Analysis”. This investigation required immense teamwork, the production of which would not be possible without all listed authors. The authors have no conflicts of interest.
Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute On Aging of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number F32AG074614 and Award Number R01AG060612. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Authors and Contributions: Claire B. Rosen, MD; Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA. Dr. Rosen substantially contributed to study conception and design, along with data analysis and interpretation; drafted original manuscript, revised manuscript, and final manuscript; approved final manuscript for publication. Sanford E. Roberts, MD; Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA. Dr. Roberts substantially contributed to study design and data interpretation; critically revised manuscript; approved final manuscript for publication. Chris J. Wirtalla, BA; The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA. Mr. Wirtalla substantially contributed to study conception and design, along with data acquisition, analysis and interpretation; critically revised manuscript; approved final manuscript for publication. Luke J. Keele, PhD; The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA. Dr. Keele substantially contributed to study conception and design, along with data acquisition, analysis and interpretation; critically revised manuscript; approved final manuscript for publication. Elinore J. Kaufman, MD MSHP; Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA. Dr. Kaufman substantially contributed to study design and conception, along with and data interpretation; critically revised manuscript; approved final manuscript for publication. Scott Halpern, MD PhD MBE; Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA. Dr. Halpern substantially contributed to study design and data interpretation; critically revised manuscript; approved final manuscript for publication. Patrick M. Reilly, MD; Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA. Dr. Reilly substantially contributed to study design and data interpretation; critically revised manuscript; approved final manuscript for publication. Mark D. Neuman, MD MSc; Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA. Dr. Neuman substantially contributed to study design and data interpretation; critically revised manuscript; approved final manuscript for publication. Rachel R. Kelz, MD MBA MSCE; Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA. Dr. Kelz substantially contributed to study conception design, along with data acquisition, interpretation and analysis; critically revised manuscript; approved final manuscript for publication.
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
[email protected]
Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article. Direct URL citations are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's website, www.annalsofsurgery.com.
