*Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
†Center for Surgery and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
‡Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
§Ariadne Labs, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
∥Cincinnati Research on Education in Surgical Training (CREST), University of Cincinnati, Department of Surgery, Cincinnati, OH
¶Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Burlington, MA
#University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Dallas, TX
**University of California Irvine, Department of Surgery, Orange, CA
††Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX
‡‡Beaumont Health, Department of Surgery, Royal Oak, MI
§§University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Surgery, Birmingham, AL
∥∥University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Little Rock, AR
¶¶Emory University, Department of Surgery, Atlanta, GA
##McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Department of Surgery, Houston, TX
***Good Samaritan Hospital, Department of Surgery, Cincinnati, OH
†††University of Louisville, Department of Surgery, Louisville, KY
‡‡‡Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Surgery, Philadelphia, PA
§§§Loyola University, Department of Surgery, Maywood, IL
∥∥∥University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Surgery, San Antonio, TX
¶¶¶University of Kentucky, Department of Surgery, Lexington, KY
###University of Wisconsin, Department of Surgery, Madison, WI
****University of Toledo, Department of Surgery, Toledo, OH
††††Medical University of South Carolina, Division of Oncologic and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Charleston, SC
‡‡‡‡Center for Surgical Training and Research (CSTAR), University of Michigan, Department of Surgery, Ann Arbor, MI
Nancy L. Cho, Alexander R. Cortez, Authors contributed equally to this work
Disclosure Statement: This work did not receive funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Wellcome Trust, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), or any other similar organization.
Additional Author Statement: Of note to the editorial board, this manuscript includes 1-2 authors from each participating program in the US Resident Operative Experience (ROPE) Consortium. As part of the consortium, all authors have participated in 1) study design and data collection for their respective program, 2) analysis and interpretation of the data, and 3) drafting and critical revision of the manuscript. All authors have also reviewed and approved the final manuscript. We therefore believe that each listed individual meets the criteria for authorship as denoted by Annals of Surgery. We are happy to provide any additional information regarding this research collaboration that may be requested by the editorial board.
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