∗Department of Digestive Physiology, Rouen, France
†University Hospital of Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Digestive Physiology, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
‡Digestive and Endocrine Surgery Clinic, Diseases of the Digestive Tract Institute, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
§Department of Digestive Surgery, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
¶Department of Surgery, Colorectal Unit, Michallon University Hospital, Grenoble, France; University Grenoble Alps, Grenoble, France
||Diseases of the Digestive Tract Department, Functional Digestive Explorations Division, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
∗∗Department of Coloproctology, Groupe Hospitalier Diaconesses Croix Saint-Simon, Paris, France
††Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, CHU Rouen, Department of Digestive Physiology and CIC-CRB 1404, Rouen, France
‡‡Department of General Surgery, Ospedale Civico di Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland
§§Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, CHU Rouen, Department of Clinical Research, Rouen, France
¶¶Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, CHU Rouen, Department of Digestive Surgery, Rouen, France.
[email protected].
All authors made substantial contributions to the conception and design of the study.
C.D., A.M.L.,V.B., H.D., G.M., D.M., J.L.F., C.B.; E.L., G.G., F.M., V.W., I.S., L.S., I.E., N.A., and P.A.L. acquired the data. C.D., V.B., T.D., and A.M.L. analyzed and interpreted the data.
All authors participated in drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content and gave final approval of the version to be submitted and any revised version.
Conflict of interest: H.D., G.M., J-L.F., L.S., and A-M.L. are members of the scientific committee of the Medtronic registry of fecal incontinence.
P.L. has a consultancy agreement with Medtronic SA. H.D. gives educational presentations and expert testimony for Medtronic SA. A-M.L. participates in training sessions organized by Medtronic SA.
The authors report no conflicts of interest.
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