∗Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
†Clinical Epidemiology Program, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
‡Department of Anesthesiology, the Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
§School of Epidemiology, Population Health and Preventative Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
¶Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ontario Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
||Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
∗∗Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, the Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
††Department of Family Medicine, Hôpital Montfort, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
‡‡Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, the Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
§§Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
¶¶Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, the Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
||||Department of Medicine, the Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
∗∗∗Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine, London, Ontario, Canada.
Reprints: Daniel I. McIsaac, MD, MPH, FRCPC, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ottawa; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Department of Anesthesiology, the Ottawa Hospital Civic Campus, Room B311, 1053 Carling Ave, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4E9. E-mail: E-mail: [email protected].
Disclosure: All authors have completed the Unified Competing Interest form at www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf (available on request from the corresponding author). PEB reports personal fees from Corin, personal fees from MicroPort, personal fees from Zimmer Biomet, personal fees from Medacta, personal fees from MatOrtho and grants from Zimmer BIomet, outside the submitted work. LTL reports grants and personal fees from Sanofi and personal fees from Ferring, outside the submitted work. This study was funded by the Canadian Frailty Network and the Ottawa Hospital Academic Medical Organization. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Author contributions: DIM was involved in the conception and design of the study, the analysis of the data, and drafted the article. DIM is the guarantor. MT, GLB, PEB, SG, AH, JJ, LTL, HM, KT, CVW, HY, and AJF were involved in the design of the study and interpretation of the data, and critically reviewed the article. GH and DM were involved in the acquisition of data, interpretation of the data, and critically reviewed the article. EH was involved in the acquisition of data, and critically reviewed and edited the article. All authors attest to the originality of the research. All authors have made substantial contributions to the article, have critically reviewed the intellectual content, and have seen and approved the final article.
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