^aDepartment of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

^bDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

^fDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts

^gDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

^kDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

^hUniversity of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York

ⁱUniversity of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska

^cDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany

^dDepartment of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany

^eDZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany

^jDepartment of Geriatrics, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany

M.S. and N.B.K. contributed equally to this manuscript

This work was supported in part by the German Heart Foundation (M.S.). Time for article preparation was also funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL155301 [C.M.C.]). The authors are solely responsible for the design and conduct of this study; all study analyses, the drafting and editing of the paper and its final contents.

M.S., N.B.K., J.K.S. contributed to conceptualization, investigation, methodology, article screening, data extraction, synthesis of review results, and writing-original draft. JJ and LF contributed to article screening, data extraction, writing-review, and editing. C.M.C., C.A.F.V.A. contributed to writing-review and editing. All authors contributed to manuscript preparation.

The search strategies performed for this review are available upon request to the corresponding author.

Address Correspondence to: Julie K. Silver, MD, Harvard Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, 300 First Avenue, Charleston, MA 02129. E-mail: [email protected]

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