From the Departments of *Outcomes Research
†General Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
‡Department of Anesthesia, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
Departments of §Pediatric Anesthesiology
∥Intensive Care and Resuscitation
¶Cardiothoracic Anesthesia, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
#Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
Published ahead of print January 12, 2022.
Accepted for publication November 5, 2021.
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal’s website.
This report was previously presented at the at the annual meeting of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, San Francisco, California, October 3, 2020.
K. Ruetzler and K. Li contributed equally and share first authorship.
Reprints will not be available from the authors.
Funding: Support was provided solely from institutional and/or departmental sources.
Address correspondence to Kurt Ruetzler, MD, FAHA, Departments of Outcomes Research and General Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, P-77, Cleveland, OH 44195. Address e-mail to [email protected].
