From the *Department of Outcomes Research, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
†Division of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
‡Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
§Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
‖Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan
¶Department of General Anesthesia, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
Accepted for publication December 21, 2021.
Funding: This study was supported by internal funding of the Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. B.C. is a recipient of Fellowship Grant from the American Physicians Fellowship for Medicine in Israel. E.R. received a grant from Instituto Salud Carlos III (BA18/00048).
Conflicts of Interest: See Disclosures at the end of the article.
Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal’s website (www.anesthesia-analgesia.org).
This study was presented as a poster presentation at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, Orlando 2019.
B. Cohen and E. Rivas contributed equally.
Reprints will not be available from the authors.
Address correspondence to Daniel I. Sessler, MD, Department of Outcomes Research, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave—P77, Cleveland, OH 44195. Address e-mail to [email protected].
