From the *Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
†Clinical Epidemiology Program
‡Blueprint Translational Group, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
§Department of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alberta, Walter C Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
‖Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
¶Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Published ahead of print December 28, 2021.
Accepted for publication October 26, 2021.
Funding: D.I.M. and M.M.L. are supported by The Ottawa Hospital Anesthesia Alternate Funds Association and are Ottawa Research Chairs.
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal’s website.
A. Patel and M. Zhang contributed equally to the work.
D. I. McIsaac and M. M. Lalu are cosenior authors.
Reprints will not be available from the authors.
Data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Registration: PROSPERO CRD42017077312.
Address correspondence to Manoj M. Lalu, MD, PhD, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Room B307, 1053 Carling Ave, Mail Stop 249, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada. Address e-mail to [email protected].
