1Division of Gastroenterology, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom;
2Division of Gastroenterology, Evidence-based Medicine Consultancy, Bath, United Kingdom;
3Emergency Department, Princess Elizabeth Hospital, Guernsey, United Kingdom; and
4Division of Gastroenterology, Ulster Hospital, Dundonald, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
Address for correspondence: Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4AX, United Kingdom. E-mail: [email protected]
The preprint of this review received no funding. This updated version was funded by the crowdfunding initiative https://www.gofundme.com/f/help-us-get-lifesaving-drug-approved-for-covid19
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
T. A. Lawrie and A. Bryant cowrote the review; they also sifted the search and classified studies for inclusion and entered and checked the data in RevMan and performed analyses. Data extraction was divided among T. A. Lawrie, A. Bryant, and T. Dowswell. T. Dowswell and A. Bryant graded the evidence. E. J. Fordham prepared the text on ivermectin mechanisms, use in pregnancy, and among the elderly. S. R. Hill prepared the brief economic commentary. Clinicians S. Mitchell and T. C. Tham contributed to the interpretation of the evidence in the discussion and conclusions. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript.
This article discusses off-label use of the FDA-approved medication ivermectin against COVID-19.
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