1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
2Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
3Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
4Drug Health Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
5Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
6Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
7Department of Internal Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
8Laboratory Medicine—Istituto Patologia Clinica, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Udine, Italy
9Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
10Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
11Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia of Catanzaro, Clinical Nutrition Unit, Germaneto, Catanzaro, Italy
12Department of Clinical Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
13Department of Medical Sciences Experimental and Clinical, Medical Liver Transplantation Unit, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
14Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
15Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
16Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
Correspondence: Ashwani K. Singal, MD, MS, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1808 7th Avenue South, BDB 351, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, USA. E-mail: [email protected]
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL accompanies this paper at https://links.lww.com/AJG/B84
Received 07 November 2014; accepted 01 April 2015
Guarantor of the article: Ashwani K. Singal, MD, MS.
Specific author contributions: H.S.: study design, data collection, data analysis and interpretation, and writing the paper; E.R: data collection and writing the paper; A.E.: performing the HWE analysis and reviewing the manuscript; D.S., H.D.N, E.F., M.A.B., J.L., S.R., A.M., S.G.C., P.T., S.U., A.D., and C.P.D.: provided individual participant data and reviewed the paper; A.K.S.: study design, data collection, data analysis and interpretation, reviewing the paper, and study supervision.
Financial support: None.
Potential competing interests: None.
