Gastrointestinal Bleeding in a Child: Is It a Meckel Diverticulum?

A 2-year-9-month-old boy with multiple episodes of melena and hematochezia with unclear cause was admitted to our hospital. Laboratory tests showed iron deficiency anemia (hemoglobin of 5 g/dL) and positive fecal occult blood test. Single-operator double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) through the anal route was performed and revealed multiple patchy mucosal eminence consisted of ectopic gastric pit and loss of villi observed by electronic stain in the distal jejunum, approximately 2 m from the ileocecal valve. The bowel cavity was deformed like a maze in the distal jejunum. There are several mucosal bridging structures and focal stricture, making it difficult to determine the direction of the lumen. Two irregular deep ulcers were found near the stricture (A [a–f] and Video 1). Emission computer tomography Tc^99m pertechnetate scan showed multiple areas of radioisotope uptake in the middle and lower abdomen. At laparotomy, a 46-cm-long cyst was noted on the mesentery aspect that protruded alongside from the distal jejunum (B [a–c]). Resection of 58 cm of the jejunum was performed including the cyst. Pathology showed a duplication cyst located on the mesenteric aspect with ectopic gastric mucosa (C). The postoperative diagnosis was a duplication cyst of the jejunum. The patient was discharged 14 days after surgery and remained symptom-free thereafter. Intestinal duplication cysts are rare congenital malformations that can appear anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract. The preoperative diagnosis of a duplication cyst is difficult and can be easily misdiagnosed as Meckel diverticulum. Duplication cysts usually locate on the mesenteric aspect as in our case, in contrast to Meckel diverticulum that localizes on the antimesenteric aspect. In our case, the deformed intestine was found approximately 2 m from the ileocecal valve, which was not common in Meckel diverticulum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported tubular type of jejunal duplication cyst case with an DBE video. DBE can be a useful tool for the diagnosis of intestinal duplication in young children. Watch the Video, Supplementary Digital Content 1, https://links.lww.com/AJG/C853. (Informed consent was obtained from the patient to publish these images.)