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Video Abstract: The Age-Associated Reduction in Propulsive Power Generation in Walking

Video Author: Jason R. Franz
Published on: 10.18.2016
Associated with: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews. 44(4):129-136, October 2016

Video Abstract for the ESSR 44.4 article “The Age-Associated Reduction in Propulsive Power Generation in Walking” from author Jason R. Franz. Propulsive power generation during push-off in walking decreases with advancing age. A common explanation is an accommodation for sarcopenia and muscle weakness. Yet, muscle strengthening often yields disappointing outcomes for walking performance. We examine the hypothesis that declines in force or power generating capacity of propulsive leg muscles cannot fully explain the age-related reduction in propulsive power generation during walking.

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Video Abstract: Syncing Exercise With Meals and Circadian Clocks
Creator: Jill Kanaley
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Issue: ESSR 47.1 article “Syncing Exercise With Meals and Circadian Clocks”
Authors: Timothy D. Heden; Jill A Kanaley.
Abstract: Circadian rhythms, meals, and exercise modulate energy metabolism. This review explores the novel hypothesis that there is an optimal time of day to exercise to improve 24 h glycemia and lipemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
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Video Abstract: Modulation of Energy Expenditure by Estrogens and Exercise in Women
Creator:
Duration: 1:10
Video Abstract for the ESSR 46.4 article “Modulation of Energy Expenditure by Estrogens and Exercise in Women” from authors Kathleen M. Gavin, Wendy M. Kohrt, Dwight J. Klemm, and Edward L. Melanson. Reducing estrogen in women results in decreases in energy expenditure, but the mechanism(s) remain largely unknown. We postulate that the loss of estrogens in women is associated with increased accumulation of bone marrow–derived adipocytes in white adipose tissue, decreased activity of brown adipose tissue, and reduced levels of physical activity. Regular exercise may counteract the effects of estrogen deficiency.
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Video Abstract: Sedentary Behaviors and Adiposity in Young People: Causality and Conceptual Model
Creator: Stuart Biddle
Duration: 4:26
Video Abstract for the ESSR 46.1 article “Sedentary Behaviors and Adiposity in Young People: Causality and Conceptual Model” from author Stuart Biddle. Research on sedentary behavior and adiposity in youth dates back to the 1980s. Sedentary behaviors, usually screen time, can be associated with adiposity. While the association is usually small but significant, the field is complex, and results are dependent on what sedentary behaviors are assessed, and may be mediated and moderated by other behaviors.
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Video Abstract: The Microvasculature and Skeletal Muscle Health in Aging
Creator: Rian Q. Landers-Ramos and Steven J. Prior
Duration: 4:59
Video Abstract for the ESSR 46.3 article “The Microvasculature and Skeletal Muscle Healthin Aging” from authors Rian Q. Landers-Ramos and Steven J. Prior. Aging and aging-related declines in physical activity are associated with physical and metabolic impairments. Skeletal muscle capillarization is reduced in sedentary older adults, may contribute to impairments in skeletal muscle, and is modifiable by exercise training. This article examines the hypothesis that preservation of skeletal muscle capillarization is essential to maintain metabolism, fitness, and function with aging.
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Video Abstract: Potential Role of MicroRNA in the Anabolic Capacity of Skeletal Muscle With Aging
Creator: Donato Rivas
Duration: 1:53
Video Abstract for the ESSR 46.2 article “Potential Role of MicroRNA in the Anabolic Capacity of Skeletal Muscle With Aging” from author Donato Rivas. Age-induced loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, termed sarcopenia, may be the result of diminished response to anabolic stimulation. This review will explore the hypothesis that alterations in the expression of microRNA with aging contributes to reduced muscle plasticity resulting in impaired skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise-induced anabolic stimulation.
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Video Abstract: Mechanisms Associated With Physical Activity Behavior: Insights From Rodent Experiments
Creator: Frank W. Booth, PhD, FACSM
Duration: 4:03
Video Abstract for the ESSR 45.4 article “Mechanisms Associated With Physical ActivityBehavior: Insights From Rodent Experiments” from authors Michael D. Roberts, Gregory N. Ruegsegger, Jacob D. Brown, and Frank W. Booth. Dopaminergic signaling differences in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) seemingly predispose rats to adopt different physical activity behaviors. Physical activity behavior also may be regulated through peripheral mechanisms (i.e., muscle and fat derived as well as hormonal signals). We hypothesize that physical activity behavior is regulated by the convergence of central and peripheral mechanisms onto the NAcc.
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Video Abstract Perspectives for Progress: Physical Activity as Cause and Cure of Muscular Pain: Evidence of Underlying Mechanisms
Creator: Karen Søgaard and Gisela Sjøgaard
Duration: 3:42
Video Abstract for the ESSR 45.3 Perspectives for Progress “Physical Activity as Cause and Cure of Muscular Pain: Evidence of Underlying Mechanisms” from authors Karen Søgaard and Gisela Sjøgaard. Work-related physical activity (PA), in terms of peak loads and sustained and/or repetitive contractions, presents risk factors for the development of muscular pain and disorders. However, PA as a training tailored to the employee’s work exposure, health, and physical capacity offers prevention and rehabilitation. We suggest the concept of “Intelligent Physical Exercise Training” relying on evidence-based sports science training principles.
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Video Abstract: Joint Loading in Runners Does Not Initiate Knee Osteoarthritis
Creator: Ross H Miller
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Video Abstract: Mechanisms and Mediators of the Skeletal Muscle Repeated Bout Effect
Creator: Rob Hyldahl
Duration: 2:09
Video Abstract for the ESSR 45.1 article “Mechanisms and Mediators of the Skeletal Muscle Repeated Bout Effect” from author Rob Hyldahl. Skeletal muscle adapts to exercise-induced damage by orchestrating several but still poorly understood mechanisms that endow protection from subsequent damage. Known widely as the repeated bout effect, we propose that neural adaptations, alterations to muscle mechanical properties, structural remodeling of the extracellular matrix, and biochemical signaling work in concert to coordinate the protective adaptation.
Play Video | + Favorites
Video Abstract: The Age-Associated Reduction in Propulsive Power Generation in Walking
Creator: Jason R. Franz
Duration: 3:31
Video Abstract for the ESSR 44.4 article “The Age-Associated Reduction in Propulsive Power Generation in Walking” from author Jason R. Franz. Propulsive power generation during push-off in walking decreases with advancing age. A common explanation is an accommodation for sarcopenia and muscle weakness. Yet, muscle strengthening often yields disappointing outcomes for walking performance. We examine the hypothesis that declines in force or power generating capacity of propulsive leg muscles cannot fully explain the age-related reduction in propulsive power generation during walking.
Play Video | + Favorites
Video Abstract: Peripheral Blood Flow Regulation in Human Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome
Creator: Jacqueline K. Limberg
Duration: 3:25
Video Abstract for the ESSR 44.3 article Peripheral Blood Flow Regulation in Human Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome from author Jacqueline K. Limberg. Both obesity and metabolic syndrome are important cardiovascular disease risk factors. In this review, we explore the hypothesis that young obese adults and adults with metabolic syndrome exhibit alterations in blood flow regulation that occur before the onset of overt cardiovascular dysfunction.
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Jones April video abstract
Creator:
Duration: 5:00
Fiber Type-Specific Effects of Dietary Nitrate

Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev., Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 53-60, 2016.

Dietary nitrate supplementation increases circulating nitrite concentration, and the subsequent reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide is promoted in hypoxic environments. Given that PO2 is lower in Type II compared with Type I muscle, this article examines the hypothesis that the ergogenicity of nitrate supplementation is linked to specific effects on vascular, metabolic, and contractile function in Type II muscle.
Play Video | + Favorites



Video Abstract: Syncing Exercise With Meals and Circadian Clocks
Creator: Jill Kanaley
Duration: 2:33
Show More 
Show Less 
Video Abstract
Issue: ESSR 47.1 article “Syncing Exercise With Meals and Circadian Clocks”
Authors: Timothy D. Heden; Jill A Kanaley.
Abstract: Circadian rhythms, meals, and exercise modulate energy metabolism. This review explores the novel hypothesis that there is an optimal time of day to exercise to improve 24 h glycemia and lipemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Play Video | + Favorites
Video Abstract: Modulation of Energy Expenditure by Estrogens and Exercise in Women
Creator:
Duration: 1:10
Show More 
Show Less 
Video Abstract for the ESSR 46.4 article “Modulation of Energy Expenditure by Estrogens and Exercise in Women” from authors Kathleen M. Gavin, Wendy M. Kohrt, Dwight J. Klemm, and Edward L. Melanson. Reducing estrogen in women results in decreases in energy expenditure, but the mechanism(s) remain largely unknown. We postulate that the loss of estrogens in women is associated with increased accumulation of bone marrow–derived adipocytes in white adipose tissue, decreased activity of brown adipose tissue, and reduced levels of physical activity. Regular exercise may counteract the effects of estrogen deficiency.
Play Video | + Favorites
Video Abstract: The Microvasculature and Skeletal Muscle Health in Aging
Creator: Rian Q. Landers-Ramos and Steven J. Prior
Duration: 4:59
Show More 
Show Less 
Video Abstract for the ESSR 46.3 article “The Microvasculature and Skeletal Muscle Healthin Aging” from authors Rian Q. Landers-Ramos and Steven J. Prior. Aging and aging-related declines in physical activity are associated with physical and metabolic impairments. Skeletal muscle capillarization is reduced in sedentary older adults, may contribute to impairments in skeletal muscle, and is modifiable by exercise training. This article examines the hypothesis that preservation of skeletal muscle capillarization is essential to maintain metabolism, fitness, and function with aging.
Play Video | + Favorites
Video Abstract: Mechanisms Associated With Physical Activity Behavior: Insights From Rodent Experiments
Creator: Frank W. Booth, PhD, FACSM
Duration: 4:03
Show More 
Show Less 
Video Abstract for the ESSR 45.4 article “Mechanisms Associated With Physical ActivityBehavior: Insights From Rodent Experiments” from authors Michael D. Roberts, Gregory N. Ruegsegger, Jacob D. Brown, and Frank W. Booth. Dopaminergic signaling differences in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) seemingly predispose rats to adopt different physical activity behaviors. Physical activity behavior also may be regulated through peripheral mechanisms (i.e., muscle and fat derived as well as hormonal signals). We hypothesize that physical activity behavior is regulated by the convergence of central and peripheral mechanisms onto the NAcc.
Play Video | + Favorites
Video Abstract Perspectives for Progress: Physical Activity as Cause and Cure of Muscular Pain: Evidence of Underlying Mechanisms
Creator: Karen Søgaard and Gisela Sjøgaard
Duration: 3:42
Show More 
Show Less 
Video Abstract for the ESSR 45.3 Perspectives for Progress “Physical Activity as Cause and Cure of Muscular Pain: Evidence of Underlying Mechanisms” from authors Karen Søgaard and Gisela Sjøgaard. Work-related physical activity (PA), in terms of peak loads and sustained and/or repetitive contractions, presents risk factors for the development of muscular pain and disorders. However, PA as a training tailored to the employee’s work exposure, health, and physical capacity offers prevention and rehabilitation. We suggest the concept of “Intelligent Physical Exercise Training” relying on evidence-based sports science training principles.
Play Video | + Favorites
Video Abstract: Mechanisms and Mediators of the Skeletal Muscle Repeated Bout Effect
Creator: Rob Hyldahl
Duration: 2:09
Show More 
Show Less 
Video Abstract for the ESSR 45.1 article “Mechanisms and Mediators of the Skeletal Muscle Repeated Bout Effect” from author Rob Hyldahl. Skeletal muscle adapts to exercise-induced damage by orchestrating several but still poorly understood mechanisms that endow protection from subsequent damage. Known widely as the repeated bout effect, we propose that neural adaptations, alterations to muscle mechanical properties, structural remodeling of the extracellular matrix, and biochemical signaling work in concert to coordinate the protective adaptation.
Play Video | + Favorites
Video Abstract: Peripheral Blood Flow Regulation in Human Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome
Creator: Jacqueline K. Limberg
Duration: 3:25
Show More 
Show Less 
Video Abstract for the ESSR 44.3 article Peripheral Blood Flow Regulation in Human Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome from author Jacqueline K. Limberg. Both obesity and metabolic syndrome are important cardiovascular disease risk factors. In this review, we explore the hypothesis that young obese adults and adults with metabolic syndrome exhibit alterations in blood flow regulation that occur before the onset of overt cardiovascular dysfunction.
Play Video | + Favorites
Jones April video abstract
Creator:
Duration: 5:00
Show More 
Show Less 
Fiber Type-Specific Effects of Dietary Nitrate

Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev., Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 53-60, 2016.

Dietary nitrate supplementation increases circulating nitrite concentration, and the subsequent reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide is promoted in hypoxic environments. Given that PO2 is lower in Type II compared with Type I muscle, this article examines the hypothesis that the ergogenicity of nitrate supplementation is linked to specific effects on vascular, metabolic, and contractile function in Type II muscle.
Play Video | + Favorites