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ESSR Video Abstract: “Skeletal Muscle Nitrate as a Regulator of Systemic Nitric Oxide Homeostasis”

Video Author: Andrew M. Jones
Published on: 02.18.2022
Associated with: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews. 50(1):2-13, January 2022

Nonenzymatic nitric oxide (NO) generation via the reduction of nitrate and nitrite ions, along with remarkably high levels of nitrate ions in skeletal muscle, have been described recently. Skeletal muscle nitrate storage may be critical for maintenance of NO homeostasis in healthy aging, and nitrate supplementation may be useful for the treatment of specific pathophysiologies and for enhancing normal functions.

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ESSR Video Abstract: “Skeletal Muscle Nitrate as a Regulator of Systemic Nitric Oxide Homeostasis”

Creator: Andrew M. Jones

Duration: 3:14

Nonenzymatic nitric oxide (NO) generation via the reduction of nitrate and nitrite ions, along with remarkably high levels of nitrate ions in skeletal muscle, have been described recently. Skeletal muscle nitrate storage may be critical for maintenance of NO homeostasis in healthy aging, and nitrate supplementation may be useful for the treatment of specific pathophysiologies and for enhancing normal functions.

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The Theory of Effort Minimization in Physical Activity

Creator: Boris Cheval and Matthieu P. Boisgontier

Duration: 3:32

Although the automatic attraction to effort minimization has been evidenced in multiple fields, its potential role in explaining the pandemic of physical inactivity has been overlooked. The theory of effort minimization in physical activity (TEMPA) fills this gap. TEMPA seeks to obtain a more accurate understanding of the neuropsychological determinants of movement-based behaviors.

Transcript available at: https://journals.lww.com/acsm-essr/Documents/Video%20Abstract%20Transcripts/ESSR%20July21_video%20abstract%20transcript.pdf

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Video Abstract: Massage as a Mechanotherapy for Skeletal Muscle

Creator: Douglas W. Van Pelt, Marcus M. Lawrence, Benjamin F. Miller, Timothy A. Butterfield, and Esther E. Dupont-Versteegden

Duration: 1:55

Video Abstract
Issue: ESSR 49.2 article "Massage as a Mechanotherapy for Skeletal Muscle"
Authors: Douglas W. Van Pelt, Marcus M. Lawrence, Benjamin F. Miller, Timothy A. Butterfield, and Esther E. Dupont-Versteegden
Abstract: Massage is anecdotally associated with many health benefits, but physiological and clinically relevant mechanisms recently have begun to be investigated in a controlled manner. Herein, we describe research supporting our hypothesis that massage can be used as a mechanotherapy imparting biologically relevant adaptations in skeletal muscle and improving muscle properties.

Transcript available at: https://journals.lww.com/acsm-essr/Documents/Video%20Abstract%20Transcripts/ESSR%20April21_video%20abstract%20transcript.pdf

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Video Abstract: The Accurate Assessment of Muscle Excitation Requires the Detection of Multiple Surface Electromyograms

Creator: Taian Martins Vieira; Alberto Botter

Duration: 4:52

Video Abstract
Issue: ESSR 49.1 article “The Accurate Assessment of Muscle Excitation Requires the Detection of Multiple Surface Electromyograms”
Authors: Taian Martins Vieira; Alberto Botter
Abstract: When sampling electromyograms (EMGs) with one pair of electrodes, it seems implicitly assumed the detected signal reflects the net muscle excitation. However, this assumption is discredited by observations of local muscle excitation. Therefore, we hypothesize that the accurate assessment of muscle excitation requires multiple EMG detection and consideration of electrode-fiber alignment. We advise prudence when drawing inferences from individually collected EMGs.

Transcript available at: ESSRVideo Abstract Transcript

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Video Abstract: Biomechanics of Breast Support for Active Women

Creator: Deirdre E. McGhee; Julie R. Steele

Duration: 3:47

Video Abstract
Issue: ESSR 48.3 article “Biomechanics of Breast Support for Active Women”
Authors: Deirdre E. McGhee; Julie R. Steele
Abstract: More systematic breast biomechanics research and better translation of the research outcomes are necessary to provide information upon which to design better sports bras and to develop effective evidence-based strategies to alleviate exercise-induced breast pain for women who want to participate in physical activity in comfort.
Transcript available at: http://links.lww.com/ESSR/A53

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Video Abstract: POMC Neurons and the Transcriptional Regulation of Motivated Exercise

Creator: Deborah J. Good

Duration: 4:30

Video Abstract
Issue: ESSR 48.2 article “Pro-opiomelanocortin Neurons and the Transcriptional Regulation of Motivated Exercise” Authors: Deborah J. Good, Haiyan Zhang, Robert Grange, Thomas Braun
Abstract: Hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons are key sensory neurons for energy balance. The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor NHLH2 is expressed in POMC neurons, and Nhlh2 knockout mice show adult-onset obesity with low exercise behavior. Evidence is presented to explore the hypothesis that NHLH2 transcriptional activity within POMC neurons is crucial for maintaining motivated spontaneous activity and enforced exercise.

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Video Abstract: ESSR Editor-in-Chief 2020 Editorial

Creator: Roger M. Enoka

Duration: 2:16

Video Abstract
Issue: ESSR 48.1 article "Editorial"
Authors: Roger M. Enoka
Abstract: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews (ESSR), an official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), publishes two types of review papers: brief review articles and Perspectives for Progress.

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Video Abstract: Exoskeletons Improve Locomotion Economy by Reducing Active Muscle Volume

Creator: Owen N. Beck, Gregory S. Sawicki

Duration: 3:14

Video Abstract
Issue: ESSR 47.4 article “Exoskeletons Improve Locomotion Economy by Reducing Active Muscle Volume”
Authors: Owen N. Beck, Laksh Kumar Punith, Richard W. Nuckols, Gregory S. Sawicki
Abstract: Exoskeletons that improve locomotion economy typically are engineered to reduce users’ limb joint mechanical work or moments. Yet, limb joint dynamics do not necessarily reflect muscle dynamics, which dictate whole-body metabolic energy expenditure. Here, we hypothesize that exoskeletons primarily reduce user metabolic energy expenditure across locomotion conditions by reducing active muscle volume.

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Video Abstract: Priscilla M. Clarkson 2019 Undergraduate Travel Award

Creator: Michaella Alexandrou

Duration: 2:14

Video Abstract
Issue: ESSR 47.4 article “Priscilla M. Clarkson 2019 Undergraduate Travel Award”
Authors: Michaella Alexandrou
Abstract: Michaella Alexandrou, a medical student at the University of Athens, was awarded the Priscilla M. Clarkson Undergraduate Travel Award to attend the 2019 American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) Annual Meeting in Orlando, Florida. Alexandrou shared more about her ACSM Annual Meeting presentation, her mentors, and what it means to be an ACSM member.

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Video Abstract: Syncing Exercise With Meals and Circadian Clocks

Creator: Jill Kanaley

Duration: 2:33

Video Abstract
Issue: ESSR 47.1 article “Syncing Exercise With Meals and Circadian Clocks”
Authors: Timothy D. Heden; Jill A Kanaley.
Abstract: Circadian rhythms, meals, and exercise modulate energy metabolism. This review explores the novel hypothesis that there is an optimal time of day to exercise to improve 24 h glycemia and lipemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

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Video Abstract: Modulation of Energy Expenditure by Estrogens and Exercise in Women

Creator:

Duration: 1:10

Video Abstract for the ESSR 46.4 article “Modulation of Energy Expenditure by Estrogens and Exercise in Women” from authors Kathleen M. Gavin, Wendy M. Kohrt, Dwight J. Klemm, and Edward L. Melanson. Reducing estrogen in women results in decreases in energy expenditure, but the mechanism(s) remain largely unknown. We postulate that the loss of estrogens in women is associated with increased accumulation of bone marrow–derived adipocytes in white adipose tissue, decreased activity of brown adipose tissue, and reduced levels of physical activity. Regular exercise may counteract the effects of estrogen deficiency.

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Video Abstract: Sedentary Behaviors and Adiposity in Young People: Causality and Conceptual Model

Creator: Stuart Biddle

Duration: 4:26

Video Abstract for the ESSR 46.1 article “Sedentary Behaviors and Adiposity in Young People: Causality and Conceptual Model” from author Stuart Biddle. Research on sedentary behavior and adiposity in youth dates back to the 1980s. Sedentary behaviors, usually screen time, can be associated with adiposity. While the association is usually small but significant, the field is complex, and results are dependent on what sedentary behaviors are assessed, and may be mediated and moderated by other behaviors.

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Video Abstract: The Microvasculature and Skeletal Muscle Health in Aging

Creator: Rian Q. Landers-Ramos and Steven J. Prior

Duration: 4:59

Video Abstract for the ESSR 46.3 article “The Microvasculature and Skeletal Muscle Healthin Aging” from authors Rian Q. Landers-Ramos and Steven J. Prior. Aging and aging-related declines in physical activity are associated with physical and metabolic impairments. Skeletal muscle capillarization is reduced in sedentary older adults, may contribute to impairments in skeletal muscle, and is modifiable by exercise training. This article examines the hypothesis that preservation of skeletal muscle capillarization is essential to maintain metabolism, fitness, and function with aging.

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Video Abstract: Potential Role of MicroRNA in the Anabolic Capacity of Skeletal Muscle With Aging

Creator: Donato Rivas

Duration: 1:53

Video Abstract for the ESSR 46.2 article “Potential Role of MicroRNA in the Anabolic Capacity of Skeletal Muscle With Aging” from author Donato Rivas. Age-induced loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, termed sarcopenia, may be the result of diminished response to anabolic stimulation. This review will explore the hypothesis that alterations in the expression of microRNA with aging contributes to reduced muscle plasticity resulting in impaired skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise-induced anabolic stimulation.

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Video Abstract: Mechanisms Associated With Physical Activity Behavior: Insights From Rodent Experiments

Creator: Frank W. Booth, PhD, FACSM

Duration: 4:03

Video Abstract for the ESSR 45.4 article “Mechanisms Associated With Physical ActivityBehavior: Insights From Rodent Experiments” from authors Michael D. Roberts, Gregory N. Ruegsegger, Jacob D. Brown, and Frank W. Booth. Dopaminergic signaling differences in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) seemingly predispose rats to adopt different physical activity behaviors. Physical activity behavior also may be regulated through peripheral mechanisms (i.e., muscle and fat derived as well as hormonal signals). We hypothesize that physical activity behavior is regulated by the convergence of central and peripheral mechanisms onto the NAcc.

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Video Abstract Perspectives for Progress: Physical Activity as Cause and Cure of Muscular Pain: Evidence of Underlying Mechanisms

Creator: Karen Søgaard and Gisela Sjøgaard

Duration: 3:42

Video Abstract for the ESSR 45.3 Perspectives for Progress “Physical Activity as Cause and Cure of Muscular Pain: Evidence of Underlying Mechanisms” from authors Karen Søgaard and Gisela Sjøgaard. Work-related physical activity (PA), in terms of peak loads and sustained and/or repetitive contractions, presents risk factors for the development of muscular pain and disorders. However, PA as a training tailored to the employee’s work exposure, health, and physical capacity offers prevention and rehabilitation. We suggest the concept of “Intelligent Physical Exercise Training” relying on evidence-based sports science training principles.

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Video Abstract: Joint Loading in Runners Does Not Initiate Knee Osteoarthritis

Creator: Ross H Miller

Duration: 4:31

Video Abstract for the ESSR 45.2 article “Joint Loading in Runners Does Not Initiate Knee Osteoarthritis” from author Ross H Miller. Runners do not have a greater prevalence of knee osteoarthritis (OA) than non-runners. The hypothesis that joint loads in running do not cause OA is forwarded. Two mechanisms are proposed: 1) cumulative load, which is surprisingly low in running, is more important for OA risk than peak load, and 2) running conditions cartilage to withstand the mechanical stresses of running.

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Video Abstract: Mechanisms and Mediators of the Skeletal Muscle Repeated Bout Effect

Creator: Rob Hyldahl

Duration: 2:09

Video Abstract for the ESSR 45.1 article “Mechanisms and Mediators of the Skeletal Muscle Repeated Bout Effect” from author Rob Hyldahl. Skeletal muscle adapts to exercise-induced damage by orchestrating several but still poorly understood mechanisms that endow protection from subsequent damage. Known widely as the repeated bout effect, we propose that neural adaptations, alterations to muscle mechanical properties, structural remodeling of the extracellular matrix, and biochemical signaling work in concert to coordinate the protective adaptation.

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Video Abstract: The Age-Associated Reduction in Propulsive Power Generation in Walking

Creator: Jason R. Franz

Duration: 3:31

Video Abstract for the ESSR 44.4 article “The Age-Associated Reduction in Propulsive Power Generation in Walking” from author Jason R. Franz. Propulsive power generation during push-off in walking decreases with advancing age. A common explanation is an accommodation for sarcopenia and muscle weakness. Yet, muscle strengthening often yields disappointing outcomes for walking performance. We examine the hypothesis that declines in force or power generating capacity of propulsive leg muscles cannot fully explain the age-related reduction in propulsive power generation during walking.

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Video Abstract: Peripheral Blood Flow Regulation in Human Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

Creator: Jacqueline K. Limberg

Duration: 3:25

Video Abstract for the ESSR 44.3 article Peripheral Blood Flow Regulation in Human Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome from author Jacqueline K. Limberg. Both obesity and metabolic syndrome are important cardiovascular disease risk factors. In this review, we explore the hypothesis that young obese adults and adults with metabolic syndrome exhibit alterations in blood flow regulation that occur before the onset of overt cardiovascular dysfunction.

Play Video |

ESSR Video Abstract: “Skeletal Muscle Nitrate as a Regulator of Systemic Nitric Oxide Homeostasis”

Creator: Andrew M. Jones

Duration: 3:14

Nonenzymatic nitric oxide (NO) generation via the reduction of nitrate and nitrite ions, along with remarkably high levels of nitrate ions in skeletal muscle, have been described recently. Skeletal muscle nitrate storage may be critical for maintenance of NO homeostasis in healthy aging, and nitrate supplementation may be useful for the treatment of specific pathophysiologies and for enhancing normal functions.

Play Video |

The Theory of Effort Minimization in Physical Activity

Creator: Boris Cheval and Matthieu P. Boisgontier

Duration: 3:32

Although the automatic attraction to effort minimization has been evidenced in multiple fields, its potential role in explaining the pandemic of physical inactivity has been overlooked. The theory of effort minimization in physical activity (TEMPA) fills this gap. TEMPA seeks to obtain a more accurate understanding of the neuropsychological determinants of movement-based behaviors.

Transcript available at: https://journals.lww.com/acsm-essr/Documents/Video%20Abstract%20Transcripts/ESSR%20July21_video%20abstract%20transcript.pdf

Play Video |

Video Abstract: The Accurate Assessment of Muscle Excitation Requires the Detection of Multiple Surface Electromyograms

Creator: Taian Martins Vieira; Alberto Botter

Duration: 4:52

Video Abstract
Issue: ESSR 49.1 article “The Accurate Assessment of Muscle Excitation Requires the Detection of Multiple Surface Electromyograms”
Authors: Taian Martins Vieira; Alberto Botter
Abstract: When sampling electromyograms (EMGs) with one pair of electrodes, it seems implicitly assumed the detected signal reflects the net muscle excitation. However, this assumption is discredited by observations of local muscle excitation. Therefore, we hypothesize that the accurate assessment of muscle excitation requires multiple EMG detection and consideration of electrode-fiber alignment. We advise prudence when drawing inferences from individually collected EMGs.

Transcript available at: ESSRVideo Abstract Transcript

Play Video |

Video Abstract: Biomechanics of Breast Support for Active Women

Creator: Deirdre E. McGhee; Julie R. Steele

Duration: 3:47

Video Abstract
Issue: ESSR 48.3 article “Biomechanics of Breast Support for Active Women”
Authors: Deirdre E. McGhee; Julie R. Steele
Abstract: More systematic breast biomechanics research and better translation of the research outcomes are necessary to provide information upon which to design better sports bras and to develop effective evidence-based strategies to alleviate exercise-induced breast pain for women who want to participate in physical activity in comfort.
Transcript available at: http://links.lww.com/ESSR/A53

Play Video |

Video Abstract: POMC Neurons and the Transcriptional Regulation of Motivated Exercise

Creator: Deborah J. Good

Duration: 4:30

Video Abstract
Issue: ESSR 48.2 article “Pro-opiomelanocortin Neurons and the Transcriptional Regulation of Motivated Exercise” Authors: Deborah J. Good, Haiyan Zhang, Robert Grange, Thomas Braun
Abstract: Hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons are key sensory neurons for energy balance. The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor NHLH2 is expressed in POMC neurons, and Nhlh2 knockout mice show adult-onset obesity with low exercise behavior. Evidence is presented to explore the hypothesis that NHLH2 transcriptional activity within POMC neurons is crucial for maintaining motivated spontaneous activity and enforced exercise.

Play Video |

Video Abstract: ESSR Editor-in-Chief 2020 Editorial

Creator: Roger M. Enoka

Duration: 2:16

Video Abstract
Issue: ESSR 48.1 article "Editorial"
Authors: Roger M. Enoka
Abstract: Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews (ESSR), an official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), publishes two types of review papers: brief review articles and Perspectives for Progress.

Play Video |

Video Abstract: The Microvasculature and Skeletal Muscle Health in Aging

Creator: Rian Q. Landers-Ramos and Steven J. Prior

Duration: 4:59

Video Abstract for the ESSR 46.3 article “The Microvasculature and Skeletal Muscle Healthin Aging” from authors Rian Q. Landers-Ramos and Steven J. Prior. Aging and aging-related declines in physical activity are associated with physical and metabolic impairments. Skeletal muscle capillarization is reduced in sedentary older adults, may contribute to impairments in skeletal muscle, and is modifiable by exercise training. This article examines the hypothesis that preservation of skeletal muscle capillarization is essential to maintain metabolism, fitness, and function with aging.

Play Video |

Video Abstract: Mechanisms and Mediators of the Skeletal Muscle Repeated Bout Effect

Creator: Rob Hyldahl

Duration: 2:09

Video Abstract for the ESSR 45.1 article “Mechanisms and Mediators of the Skeletal Muscle Repeated Bout Effect” from author Rob Hyldahl. Skeletal muscle adapts to exercise-induced damage by orchestrating several but still poorly understood mechanisms that endow protection from subsequent damage. Known widely as the repeated bout effect, we propose that neural adaptations, alterations to muscle mechanical properties, structural remodeling of the extracellular matrix, and biochemical signaling work in concert to coordinate the protective adaptation.

Play Video |

Video Abstract: Peripheral Blood Flow Regulation in Human Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

Creator: Jacqueline K. Limberg

Duration: 3:25

Video Abstract for the ESSR 44.3 article Peripheral Blood Flow Regulation in Human Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome from author Jacqueline K. Limberg. Both obesity and metabolic syndrome are important cardiovascular disease risk factors. In this review, we explore the hypothesis that young obese adults and adults with metabolic syndrome exhibit alterations in blood flow regulation that occur before the onset of overt cardiovascular dysfunction.

Play Video |

Video Abstract: The Accurate Assessment of Muscle Excitation Requires the Detection of Multiple Surface Electromyograms

Creator: Taian Martins Vieira; Alberto Botter

Duration: 4:52

Video Abstract
Issue: ESSR 49.1 article “The Accurate Assessment of Muscle Excitation Requires the Detection of Multiple Surface Electromyograms”
Authors: Taian Martins Vieira; Alberto Botter
Abstract: When sampling electromyograms (EMGs) with one pair of electrodes, it seems implicitly assumed the detected signal reflects the net muscle excitation. However, this assumption is discredited by observations of local muscle excitation. Therefore, we hypothesize that the accurate assessment of muscle excitation requires multiple EMG detection and consideration of electrode-fiber alignment. We advise prudence when drawing inferences from individually collected EMGs.

Transcript available at: ESSRVideo Abstract Transcript

Play Video |