S. Bai is associate professor, Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Q. Chang is associate director, Department of Graduate Medical Education, Health Service Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.
D. Yao is a student, Department of Graduate Medical Education, Health Service Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.
Y. Zhang is a resident, Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
B. Wu is director, Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Y. Zhao is director, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Supplemental digital content for this article is available at https://links.lww.com/ACADMED/B60.
Funding/Support: This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (grant number 2017YFC0907404) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 71473268). These sponsors had no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the article for publication.
Other disclosures: None reported.
Ethical approval: The Institutional Research and Ethics Committee of the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University granted ethical approval for this study on November 14, 2019 (ethical committee no. 2019PS647K). All participating hospitals acted in accordance with ethical standards, and informed consent was obtained from all eligible participants. The clinical research registry unique identifying number is ChiCTR1900027707. The study protocol conformed to the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki.
Correspondence should be addressed to Yuhong Zhao, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao St., Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China; telephone: (+86) 024-96615-10012; email: [email protected].
