THE VALUE OF removing hair in preparation for neurosurgery is addressed in detail. One neurosurgeon's series, accrued over 40 consecutive months, of 638 prospectively examined, consecutive cases is the basis of this report. The overall surgical wound infection rate was 1.1 %. The infection rate for the 313 cranial cases was 0.3% and 2.8% for the 218 procedures involving cerebrospinal fluid diversion (shunts). These data are discussed in the context of extensive nonneurosurgical and microbiological literature. It is concluded that the removal of hair by shaving does not lower the risk of surgical wound infection and may increase the risk. A technique for preparing skin and hair for neurosurgery and for the management of hair during neurosurgical procedures is discussed.