Factitious disorder is characterized by the intentional feigning of physical or psychological signs and symptoms. The best known type of factitious disorder, Munchausen syndrome, is marked by a chronic unremitting course with repeated hospitalizations. The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency, psychopathological phenomenology, and diagnostic classification according to DSM-III-R in patients with factitious disorder presenting as neurological syndromes. We prospectively included all patients who were hospitalized at our Department of Neurology, Freie Universitat Berlin, during a 1-year period. Five of 1538 (.3%) patients were diagnosed as having factitious disorder with feigning of neurological syndromes. Four presented with the classic variant, Munchausen syndrome. All patients had similar, characteristic psychopathological features including self-discharge, aggressive behavior, pseudologia phantastica, and hospital wandering. In these cases the additional diagnosis of personality disorder was made according to DSM-III-R criteria. We concluded that factitious disorder presenting with neurological syndromes may be more prevalent than generally assumed. Our findings confirm the idea of frequent coincidence of factitious and personality disorders.
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