The authors propose a theory-based model for the treatment of post-traumatic brain injury executive dysfunction that integrates (1) theories of cerebral function and organization, (2) cognitive-behavioral theory of problem solving, and (3) learning theory. The model delineates appropriate targets of and methods for the treatment of executive dysfunction. A practical application of the theoretical model is described in the form of a comprehensive day treatment program, Executive Plus. A test of the model is also discussed, focused on the comparison of Executive Plus and a standard day treatment program along parameters dictated by the model.